porozendoОстеопороз и остеопатииOsteoporosis and Bone Diseases2072-26802311-0716Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/osteo12710porozendo-12710Research ArticleКлинические рекомендацииGuidelinesКраткое изложение проекта федеральных клинических рекомендаций по остеопорозуSummary of the draft federal clinical guidelines for osteoporosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-6441БелаяЖанна ЕвгеньевнаBelayaZhanna E.

д.м.н., профессор 

117036, Москва, улица Дм. Ульянова, д. 11 

MD, PhD, Professor

jannabelaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7041-0732РожинскаяЛюдмила ЯковлевнаRozhinskayaLyudmila Y.

д.м.н., профессор

MD, PhD, Professor

rozh@endocrincentr.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-1549ГребенниковаТатьяна АлексеевнаGrebennikovaTatiana A.

к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник

MD, PhD

grebennikova@hotmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-4326KanisJohn А.KanisJohn A.

Emeritus Professor in Human Metabolism, and Director;  Professorial Fellow

Emeritus Professor in Human Metabolism, and Director; Professorial Fellow

w.j.pontefract@sheffield.ac.ukhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6539-466XПигароваЕкатерина АлександровнаPigarovaEkaterina A.

к.м.н.

MD, PhD

kpigarova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-8758РодионоваСветлана СеменовнаRodionovaSvetlana S.

д.м.н., профессор

MD, PhD, Professor

rod06@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4739-4302ТоропцоваНаталья ВладимировнаToroptsovaNatalya V.

д.м.н.

MD, PhD

toroptsovan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6759-8367НикитинскаяОксана АнатольевнаNikitinskayaOksana A.

к.м.н.

MD, PhD

nikitinskayaox@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-0725СкрипниковаИрина АнатольевнаSkripnikovaIrina A.

д.м.н., профессор

MD, PhD, Professor

ISkripnikova@gnicpm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-8430ДрапкинаОксана МихайловнаDrapkinaOksana М.

д.м.н., профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор,  президент Российского общества профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний, президент Национального общества усовершенствования врачей им. С.П. Боткина, президент Ассоциации врачей общей практики (семейных врачей) России, президент Национальной ассоциации биобанков

MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS

drapkina@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-2187ЕршоваОльга БорисовнаErshovaOlga V.

д.м.н., профессор, заместитель главного врача по лечебной работе, член президиума общественной организации «Российская ассоциация по остеопорозу», руководитель общества пациентов «Остеорус» Российской ассоциации по остеопорозу

MD, PhD, Professor

yarosteoporosis@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9007-4123БирюковаЕлена ВалерьевнаBiryukovaElena V.

д.м.н., профессор

lena@obsudim.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-0614ЛеснякОльга МихайловнаLesnyakOlga М.

д.м.н., профессор, президент общественной организации «Российская ассоциация по остеопорозу», член Ассоциации ревматологов России

MD, PhD, Professor

olga.m.lesnyak@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9074-2291ЦориевТимур ТамерлановичTsorievTimur Т.

д.м.н.

MD

timur.tsoriev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-7039БеловаКсения ЮрьевнаBelovaKseniya Y.

д.м.н., заведующая Областным лечебно-диагностическим центром остеопороза и остеоартроза

MD, PhD

ksbelova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-124XМарченковаЛариса АлександровнаMarchenkovaLarisa А.

к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая отделом,  член президиума общественной организации «Российская ассоциация по остеопорозу», член общественной организации «Российская ассоциация эндокринологов»

MD, PhD

marchenkovaLA@rncmrik.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-4619ДзерановаЛариса КонстантиновнаDzeranovaLarisa K.

д.м.н., главный научный сотрудник

MD, PhD

dzeranovalk@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-9003ДревальАлександр ВасильевичDreval’Aleksandr V.

д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой, главный эндокринолог Московской области

MD, PhD, Professor

dreval@diabet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9783-3599МамедоваЕлизавета ОктаевнаMamedovaElizaveta O.

к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник

MD, PhD

lilybet@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-688XТкачеваОльга НиколавнаTkachevaOlga N.

д.м.н., профессор, директор

MD, PhD, Professor

tkacheva@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-6850ДудинскаяЕкатерина НаильевнаDudinskayaEkaterina N.

к.м.н., заведующая лаборатории

MD, PhD

katharina.gin@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-8240НиканкинаЛариса ВячеславовнаNikankinaLarisa V. 

к.м.н., и.о. заведующей

MD

larisanikan@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-3880ФарбаЛеонид ЯковлевичFarbaLeonid Y.

к.м.н.

MD

farbasurg@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-0159ЧерноваТатьяна ОлеговнаChernovaTatyana O.

MD, PhD

tatcher2@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-066XЮреневаСветлана ВладимировнаYurenevaSvetlana V.

д.м.н

MD, PhD

syureneva@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7430-1207ЯкушевскаяОксана ВладимировнаYakushevskayaOksana V.

к.м.н.

MD, PhD

Ykushox83@mail.ruИлюхинаОльга БорисовнаIlyukhinaOl’ga B.

заведующая отделением, главный внештатный эндокринолог Оренбургской области, член Российской ассоциации эндокринологов

MD

olga-andrey1998@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-5105КрюковаИрина ВикторовнаKryukovaIrina V.

к.м.н., доцент

MD, PhD, Assistant Professor

kiv200877@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-9454ТарбаеваНаталья ВикторовнаTarbaevaNatalya V.

к.м.н.

ntarbaeva@inbox.ruПетряйкинАлексей ВладимировичPetryaykinAlexey V.

к.м.н., доцент, старший научный сотрудник

MD, PhD

a.petraikin@npcmr.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6736-9772ВасильевичЗагородний НиколайZagorodniyNikolay V.

д.м.н., профессор, член-корр. РАН, и.о. директора,член Ассоциации травматологов-ортопедов России

MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS

Zagorodniy51@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-7877МельниченкоГалина АфанасьевнаMel’nichenkoGalina А.

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

teofrast2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-7886ДедовИван ИвановичDedovIvan I.

д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, президент ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, президент Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, главный внештатный специалист-эксперт эндокринолог Минздрава России

MD, PhD, Professor, Academician of the RAS

dedov@endocrincentr.ruФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian FederationCentre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield; Catholic University of Australia, Melbourne, AustraliaАвстрияCentre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield; Catholic University of Australia, MelbourneAustriaФГБУ «НМИЦ ТО им. Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияCentral Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after N.N. PriorovRussian FederationФГБНУ НИИ Ревматологии им. В.А. НасоновойРоссияResearch Institute of Rheumatogy named after V.A. NasonovaRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр профилактической медицины» Минздрава РоссииРоссияNational Research Center for Preventive MedicineRussian FederationЯрославский государственный медицинский университетРоссияYaroslavl State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияMoscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. EvdokimovRussian FederationГБОУ ВПО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И.Мечникова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияNorth-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian FederationЯрославский государственный медицинский университет; ГАУЗ ЯО «Клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи им. Н. В. Соловьева»РоссияYaroslavl State Medical University; Clinical emergency hospital named. N. V. SolovievRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ реабилитации и курортологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRussian scientific center of medical rehabilitation and balneologyRussian FederationГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М. Ф. ВладимирскогоРоссияMoscow Regional Research Clinical InstituteRussian FederationPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationРоссийский геронтологический научно-клинический центр ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияEndocrinology Research CentreRussian FederationГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 13 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияMunicipal Clinical Hospital №13Russian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ АГП им. В.И. Кулакова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияResearch Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and PerinatologyRussian FederationГАУЗ «Оренбургская областная клиническая больница №2»РоссияOrenburg Regional Clinical Hospital №2Russian FederationГБУЗ города Москвы «Научно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологий Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»РоссияScientific and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Department of HealthRussian FederationФГБУ «НМИЦ травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияNorth-Western State Medical University named after I.I. MechnikovRussian Federation202028022021232421Copyright © Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я., Гребенникова Т.А., Kanis J.А., Пигарова Е.А., Родионова С.С., Торопцова Н.В., Никитинская О.А., Скрипникова И.А., Драпкина О.М., Ершова О.Б., Бирюкова Е.В., Лесняк О.М., Цориев Т.Т., Белова К.Ю., Марченкова Л.А., Дзеранова Л.К., Древаль А.В., Мамедова Е.О., Ткачева О.Н., Дудинская Е.Н., Никанкина Л.В., Фарба Л.Я., Чернова Т.О., Юренева С.В., Якушевская О.В., Илюхина О.Б., Крюкова И.В., Тарбаева Н.В., Петряйкин А.В., Васильевич З.Н., Мельниченко Г.А., Дедов И.И., 20212021Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я., Гребенникова Т.А., Kanis J.А., Пигарова Е.А., Родионова С.С., Торопцова Н.В., Никитинская О.А., Скрипникова И.А., Драпкина О.М., Ершова О.Б., Бирюкова Е.В., Лесняк О.М., Цориев Т.Т., Белова К.Ю., Марченкова Л.А., Дзеранова Л.К., Древаль А.В., Мамедова Е.О., Ткачева О.Н., Дудинская Е.Н., Никанкина Л.В., Фарба Л.Я., Чернова Т.О., Юренева С.В., Якушевская О.В., Илюхина О.Б., Крюкова И.В., Тарбаева Н.В., Петряйкин А.В., Васильевич З.Н., Мельниченко Г.А., Дедов И.И.Belaya Z.E., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Grebennikova T.A., Kanis J.A., Pigarova E.A., Rodionova S.S., Toroptsova N.V., Nikitinskaya O.A., Skripnikova I.A., Drapkina O.М., Ershova O.V., Biryukova E.V., Lesnyak O.М., Tsoriev T.Т., Belova K.Y., Marchenkova L.А., Dzeranova L.K., Dreval’ A.V., Mamedova E.O., Tkacheva O.N., Dudinskaya E.N., Nikankina L.V., Farba L.Y., Chernova T.O., Yureneva S.V., Yakushevskaya O.V., Ilyukhina O.B., Kryukova I.V., Tarbaeva N.V., Petryaykin A.V., Zagorodniy N.V., Mel’nichenko G.А., Dedov I.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.osteo-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12710

Представлено краткое изложение проекта федеральных клинических рекомендаций по остеопорозу, разработанных членами Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, Российской ассоциации по остеопорозу, Ассоциации ревматологов России, Ассоциации травматологов-ортопедов России, Российской ассоциации по менопаузе и Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров. Рекомендации разработаны с позиций доказательной медицины, в соответствии с требованиями к составлению клинических рекомендаций Минздрава России, опубликованными в 2019 г. Значительное место в изложении отведено скринингу первичного остеопороза у взрослых, дифференциальной диагностике с другими метаболическими заболеваниями скелета, современным методам диагностики остеопороза, принципам назначения патогенетического лечения, особенности последовательной и комбинированной терапии, профилактики заболевания и реабилитации. Клинические рекомендации полезны будут как врачам общей практики и терапевтам, так и узким специалистам, прежде всего эндокринологам, ревматологам, травматологам-ортопедам, нефрологам, акушерам-гинекологам и неврологам, так как остеопороз является мультифакториальным и мультидисциплинарным заболеванием.

A summary of the draft federal clinical guidelines on osteoporosis developed by members of the Russian Association of  Endocrinologists, the Russian Association for Osteoporosis, the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia, the Association of Traumatologists and Orthopedists of Russia, the Russian Association for Menopause and the Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatrics is presented. The recommendations were developed from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, in accordance with the requirements for compiling clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia published in 2019. A significant place is given to screening of primary osteoporosis in adults, differential diagnosis with other metabolic diseases of the skeleton, modern methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, principles of prescribing pathogenetic treatment, features of sequential and combination therapy, disease prevention and rehabilitation. Clinical recommendations will be useful both to general practitioners and physicians, as well as to narrow specialists, primarily endocrinologists, rheumatologists, orthopedic traumatologists, nephrologists, obstetrician-gynecologists and neurologists, since osteoporosis is a multifactorial and multidisciplinary disease.

ОстеопорозFRAXденситометриятерипаратидденосумаббисфосфонатывитамин DOsteoporosisFRAXdensitometryteriparatidedenosumabbisphosphonatesvitamin DReferencesKanis JA, on behalf of the World Health Organization Scientific Group. Technical Report. WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Sheffield; UK: 2008b. [Accessed 12 May 2018]. Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health-care level. https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/pdfs/WHO_Technical_Report.pdf.Kanis JA, on behalf of the World Health Organization Scientific Group. Technical Report. WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Sheffield; UK: 2008b. [Accessed 12 May 2018]. Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health-care level. https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/pdfs/WHO_Technical_Report.pdf.Consensus development conference: Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. The American Journal of Medicine. 1993;94(6):646-650. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(93)90218-e.Consensus development conference: Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. The American Journal of Medicine. 1993;94(6):646-650. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(93)90218-e.Мельниченко Г.А., Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я., и др. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике, лечению и профилактике остеопороза // Проблемы Эндокринологии. - 2017. - Т. 63. - №6. - C. 392-426.doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/probl2017636392-426Melnichenko GA, Belaya ZE, Rozhinskaya LY, et al. Russian federal clinical guidelines on the diagnostics, treatment, and prevention of osteoporosis. Problems of Endocrinology. 2018;63(6):392-426. (In Russ).] doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/probl2017636392-426Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis — 2016 — Executive Summary. Endocr. Pract. 2016;22(9):1111-1118. doi: https://doi.org/10.4158/ep161435.esgl.Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis — 2016 — Executive Summary. Endocr. Pract. 2016;22(9):1111-1118. doi: https://doi.org/10.4158/ep161435.esgl.Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. Int. 2018;30(1):3-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5.Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. Int. 2018;30(1):3-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5.Raman-Wilms L. Book Review: Guidelines for Preclinical Evaluation and Clinical Trials in Osteoporosis. Ann. Pharmacother. 2016;33(12):13771378. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/106002809903301207.Raman-Wilms L. Book Review: Guidelines for Preclinical Evaluation and Clinical Trials in Osteoporosis. Ann. Pharmacother. 2016;33(12):13771378. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/106002809903301207.American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons. Orthopaedic Care of Patients with Fragility Fractures (Revised September 2016). Position Statement #1159. Rosemont, 2009.American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons. Orthopaedic Care of Patients with Fragility Fractures (Revised September 2016). Position Statement #1159. Rosemont, 2009.Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Cooper C, et al. Screening in the community to reduce fractures in older women (SCOOP): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2018;391(10122):741-747. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32640-5.Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Cooper C, et al. Screening in the community to reduce fractures in older women (SCOOP): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2018;391(10122):741-747. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32640-5.Turner DA, Khioe RFS, Shepstone L, et al. The Cost-Effectiveness of Screening in the Community to Reduce Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Women in the UK: Economic Evaluation of the SCOOP Study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2018;33(5):845-851. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3381.Turner DA, Khioe RFS, Shepstone L, et al. The Cost-Effectiveness of Screening in the Community to Reduce Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Women in the UK: Economic Evaluation of the SCOOP Study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2018;33(5):845-851. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3381.Lindsay R. Risk of New Vertebral Fracture in the Year Following a Fracture. JAMA. 2001;285(3):320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.3.320.Lindsay R. Risk of New Vertebral Fracture in the Year Following a Fracture. JAMA. 2001;285(3):320. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.3.320.Gehlbach S, Saag KG, Adachi JD, et al. Previous fractures at multiple sites increase the risk for subsequent fractures: The global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2012;27(3):645-653. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1476.Gehlbach S, Saag KG, Adachi JD, et al. Previous fractures at multiple sites increase the risk for subsequent fractures: The global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2012;27(3):645-653. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1476.Edwards BJ, Bunta AD, Simonelli C, et al. Prior Fractures are Common in Patients with Subsequent Hip Fractures. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2007;461:226-230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/BLO.0b013e3180534269.Edwards BJ, Bunta AD, Simonelli C, et al. Prior Fractures are Common in Patients with Subsequent Hip Fractures. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 2007;461:226-230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/BLO.0b013e3180534269.Ross PD. Pre-Existing Fractures and Bone Mass Predict Vertebral Fracture Incidence in Women. Ann. Intern. Med. 1991;114(11):919. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-11-919.Ross PD. Pre-Existing Fractures and Bone Mass Predict Vertebral Fracture Incidence in Women. Ann. Intern. Med. 1991;114(11):919. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-11-919.Kanis JA, Melton LJ, Christiansen C, et al. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;9(8):1137-1141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650090802.Kanis JA, Melton LJ, Christiansen C, et al. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;9(8):1137-1141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650090802.Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi T, Yamauchi M, et al. Diabetic Patients Have an Increased Risk of Vertebral Fractures Independent of BMD or Diabetic Complications. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;24(4):702-709. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081207.Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi T, Yamauchi M, et al. Diabetic Patients Have an Increased Risk of Vertebral Fractures Independent of BMD or Diabetic Complications. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;24(4):702-709. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081207.Dede AD, Tournis S, Dontas I, Trovas G. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and fracture risk. Metabolism. 2014;63(12):1480-1490. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.09.002.Dede AD, Tournis S, Dontas I, Trovas G. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and fracture risk. Metabolism. 2014;63(12):1480-1490. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2014.09.002.Schousboe JT, Ensrud KE, Nyman JA, et al. Potential costeffective use of spine radiographs to detect vertebral deformity and select osteopenic post-menopausal women for aminobisphosphonate therapy. Osteoporos. Int. 2005;16(12):1883-1893. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-005-1956-7.Schousboe JT, Ensrud KE, Nyman JA, et al. Potential costeffective use of spine radiographs to detect vertebral deformity and select osteopenic post-menopausal women for aminobisphosphonate therapy. Osteoporos. Int. 2005;16(12):1883-1893. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-005-1956-7.Lesnyak O, Ershova O, Belova K, et al. Epidemiology of fracture in the Russian Federation and the development of a FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis. 2012;7(1-2):67-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0082-3.Lesnyak O, Ershova O, Belova K, et al. Epidemiology of fracture in the Russian Federation and the development of a FRAX model. Archives of Osteoporosis. 2012;7(1-2):67-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0082-3.Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Cooper C, et al. A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX. Archives of Osteoporosis. 2016;11(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-016-0278-z.Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Cooper C, et al. A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX. Archives of Osteoporosis. 2016;11(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-016-0278-z.Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 2014;25(10):2359-2381. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2.Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 2014;25(10):2359-2381. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2.Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX®—assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK. Osteoporos. Int. 2008;19(10):1395-1408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0712-1.Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX®—assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK. Osteoporos. Int. 2008;19(10):1395-1408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0712-1.Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, et al. International Variations in Hip Fracture Probabilities: Implications for Risk Assessment. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2002;17(7):1237-1244. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.7.1237.Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, et al. International Variations in Hip Fracture Probabilities: Implications for Risk Assessment. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2002;17(7):1237-1244. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.7.1237.De Laet CEDH, Van Hout BA, Burger H, et al. Hip Fracture Prediction in Elderly Men and Women: Validation in the Rotterdam Study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;13(10):1587-1593. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.10.1587.De Laet CEDH, Van Hout BA, Burger H, et al. Hip Fracture Prediction in Elderly Men and Women: Validation in the Rotterdam Study. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;13(10):1587-1593. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.10.1587.Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 1997;7(4):390-406. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01623782.Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 1997;7(4):390-406. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01623782.Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. Int. 2012;24(1):23-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y.Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. Int. 2012;24(1):23-57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2074-y.Lekamwasam S, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, et al. A framework for the development of guidelines for the management of glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 2012;23(9):2257-2276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-1958-1.Lekamwasam S, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, et al. A framework for the development of guidelines for the management of glucocorticoidinduced osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 2012;23(9):2257-2276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-1958-1.Алексеева Л.И., Баранова И.А., Белова К.Ю., и др. Клинические рекомендации по профилактике и ведению больных с остеопорозом. — Ярославль: Литера; 2012. — С. 23.Alekseeva LI, Baranova IA, Belova KYu, et al. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po profilaktike i vedeniyu bol’nykh s osteoporozom. Yaroslavl’: Litera; 2012;23. (In Russ.)National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) and International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD). Recommendations to DXA Manufacturers for FRAX® Implementation. Available from: https://iscd.app.box.com/s/ 1fa65hdehfbzgfs0x0xg3bcporv59ylo.National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) and International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD). Recommendations to DXA Manufacturers for FRAX® Implementation. Available from: https://iscd.app.box.com/s/ 1fa65hdehfbzgfs0x0xg3bcporv59ylo.Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. FRAX™ and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos. Int. 2008;19(4):385-397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0543-5.Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. FRAX™ and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos. Int. 2008;19(4):385-397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0543-5.Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. Guidance for the adjustment of FRAX according to the dose of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos. Int. 2011;22(3):809-816. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1524-7.Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, McCloskey EV. Guidance for the adjustment of FRAX according to the dose of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos. Int. 2011;22(3):809-816. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1524-7.Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, et al. A Meta-Analysis of Prior Corticosteroid Use and Fracture Risk. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2004;19(6):893899. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.040134.Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, et al. A Meta-Analysis of Prior Corticosteroid Use and Fracture Risk. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2004;19(6):893899. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.040134.Staa TPv, Staa TPv, Staa TPv, et al. The Epidemiology of CorticosteroidInduced Osteoporosis: a Meta-analysis. Osteoporos. Int. 2002;13(10):777-787. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980200108.Staa TPv, Staa TPv, Staa TPv, et al. The Epidemiology of CorticosteroidInduced Osteoporosis: a Meta-analysis. Osteoporos. Int. 2002;13(10):777-787. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980200108.Ferrari SL, Abrahamsen B, Napoli N, et al. Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge. Osteoporos. Int. 2018;29(12):2585-2596. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4650-2.Ferrari SL, Abrahamsen B, Napoli N, et al. Diagnosis and management of bone fragility in diabetes: an emerging challenge. Osteoporos. Int. 2018;29(12):2585-2596. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4650-2.Leslie WD, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, et al. Comparison of Methods for Improving Fracture Risk Assessment in Diabetes: The Manitoba BMD Registry. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2018;33(11):1923-1930. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3538.Leslie WD, Johansson H, McCloskey EV, et al. Comparison of Methods for Improving Fracture Risk Assessment in Diabetes: The Manitoba BMD Registry. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2018;33(11):1923-1930. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3538.Baleanu F, Bergmann P, Hambye AS, et al. Assessment of bone quality with trabecular bone score in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A study from the FRISBEE cohort. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2019;73(5):e13347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13347.Baleanu F, Bergmann P, Hambye AS, et al. Assessment of bone quality with trabecular bone score in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A study from the FRISBEE cohort. Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2019;73(5):e13347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13347.Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, et al. Optimization of BMD Measurements to Identify High Risk Groups for Treatment-A Test Analysis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2004;19(6):906-913. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2004.19.6.906.Johansson H, Oden A, Johnell O, et al. Optimization of BMD Measurements to Identify High Risk Groups for Treatment-A Test Analysis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2004;19(6):906-913. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2004.19.6.906.Tosteson ANA, Melton LJ, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Cost-effective osteoporosis treatment thresholds: the United States perspective. Osteoporos. Int. 2008;19(4):437-447. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0550-6Tosteson ANA, Melton LJ, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Cost-effective osteoporosis treatment thresholds: the United States perspective. Osteoporos. Int. 2008;19(4):437-447. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0550-6Leslie WD, Morin S, Lix LM, et al. Fracture risk assessment without bone density measurement in routine clinical practice. Osteoporos. Int. 2011;23(1):75-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1747-2.Leslie WD, Morin S, Lix LM, et al. Fracture risk assessment without bone density measurement in routine clinical practice. Osteoporos. Int. 2011;23(1):75-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1747-2.Leslie WD, Majumdar SR, Lix LM, et al. High fracture probability with FRAX® usually indicates densitometric osteoporosis: implications for clinical practice. Osteoporos. Int. 2011;23(1):391-397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1592-3.Leslie WD, Majumdar SR, Lix LM, et al. High fracture probability with FRAX® usually indicates densitometric osteoporosis: implications for clinical practice. Osteoporos. Int. 2011;23(1):391-397. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1592-3.Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, et al. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporos. Int. 2007;18(8):1033-1046. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0343-y.Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, et al. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women. Osteoporos. Int. 2007;18(8):1033-1046. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-007-0343-y.Kyriakos G, Vidal-Casariego A, Fernández-Martínez MN, et al. Impact of the NOGG and NOF Guidelines on the Indication of Bone Mineral Density in Routine Clinical Practice. J. Clin. Densitom. 2015;18(4):533-538. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.08.001.Kyriakos G, Vidal-Casariego A, Fernández-Martínez MN, et al. Impact of the NOGG and NOF Guidelines on the Indication of Bone Mineral Density in Routine Clinical Practice. J. Clin. Densitom. 2015;18(4):533-538. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.08.001.Leib ES, Lewiecki EM, Binkley N, Hamdy RC. Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry. J. Clin. Densitom. 2004;7(1):1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1385/jcd:7:1:1.Leib ES, Lewiecki EM, Binkley N, Hamdy RC. Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry. J. Clin. Densitom. 2004;7(1):1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1385/jcd:7:1:1.Lewiecki EM, Gordon CM, Baim S, et al. International Society for Clinical Densitometry 2007 Adult and Pediatric Official Positions. Bone. 2008;43(6):1115-1121. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.08.106.Lewiecki EM, Gordon CM, Baim S, et al. International Society for Clinical Densitometry 2007 Adult and Pediatric Official Positions. Bone. 2008;43(6):1115-1121. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.08.106.Shepherd JA, Blake GM. T-Scores and Z-Scores. J. Clin. Densitom. 2007;10(4):349-350. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2007.08.006.Shepherd JA, Blake GM. T-Scores and Z-Scores. J. Clin. Densitom. 2007;10(4):349-350. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2007.08.006.Watts NB, Leslie WD, Foldes AJ, Miller PD. 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference: Task Force on Normative Databases. J. Clin. Densitom. 2013;16(4):472-481. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.001.Watts NB, Leslie WD, Foldes AJ, Miller PD. 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference: Task Force on Normative Databases. J. Clin. Densitom. 2013;16(4):472-481. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.001.World Health Organization (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. WHO Technical Report Series 843. WHO, Geneva.World Health Organization (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. WHO Technical Report Series 843. WHO, Geneva.Kelly TL. Bone mineral density reference databases for American men and women. . Bone Miner. Res. 1990;5(S2):S249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650051302.Kelly TL. Bone mineral density reference databases for American men and women. . Bone Miner. Res. 1990;5(S2):S249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650051302.Hanson J. Standardization of Femur BMD. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1997;12(8):1316-1317. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.8.1316.Hanson J. Standardization of Femur BMD. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1997;12(8):1316-1317. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.8.1316.Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone. 2008;42(3):467-475. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.001.Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, et al. A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone. 2008;42(3):467-475. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.001.Melton LJ, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, et al. Perspective how many women have osteoporosis? J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;7(9):1005-1010. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650070902.Melton LJ, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, et al. Perspective how many women have osteoporosis? J. Bone Miner. Res. 2009;7(9):1005-1010. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650070902.McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, et al. A Meta-Analysis of Trabecular Bone Score in Fracture Risk Prediction and Its Relationship to FRAX. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2016;31(5):940-948. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2734.McCloskey EV, Odén A, Harvey NC, et al. A Meta-Analysis of Trabecular Bone Score in Fracture Risk Prediction and Its Relationship to FRAX. J. Bone Miner. Res. 2016;31(5):940-948. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2734.Gallagher JC, Sai AJ. Is screening for secondary causes of osteoporosis worthwhile? Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2010;6(7):360-362. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2010.86.Gallagher JC, Sai AJ. Is screening for secondary causes of osteoporosis worthwhile? Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2010;6(7):360-362. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2010.86.Barzel US. Recommended testing in patients with low bone density. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003;88(3):1404-1405; author reply 1405.Barzel US. Recommended testing in patients with low bone density. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003;88(3):1404-1405; author reply 1405.Tannenbaum C, Clark J, Schwartzman K, et al. Yield of Laboratory Testing to Identify Secondary Contributors to Osteoporosis in Otherwise Healthy Women. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 2002;87(10):4431-4437. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020275.Tannenbaum C, Clark J, Schwartzman K, et al. Yield of Laboratory Testing to Identify Secondary Contributors to Osteoporosis in Otherwise Healthy Women. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 2002;87(10):4431-4437. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020275.Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. The Lancet. 1996;348(9041):1535-1541. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07088-2.Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. The Lancet. 1996;348(9041):1535-1541. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07088-2.Cummings SR. Effect of Alendronate on Risk of Fracture in Women With Low Bone Density but Without Vertebral Fractures<SUBTITLE>Results From the Fracture Intervention Trial</SUBTITLE>. JAMA. 1998;280(24):2077. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.24.2077.Cummings SR. Effect of Alendronate on Risk of Fracture in Women With Low Bone Density but Without Vertebral Fractures<SUBTITLE>Results From the Fracture Intervention Trial</SUBTITLE>. JAMA. 1998;280(24):2077. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.24.2077.Orwoll E, Ettinger M, Weiss S, Miller P, Kendler D, Graham J, Adami S, Weber K, Lorenc R, Pietschmann P, Vandormael K, Lombardi A. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 31;343(9):604-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200008313430902Orwoll E, Ettinger M, Weiss S, Miller P, Kendler D, Graham J, Adami S, Weber K, Lorenc R, Pietschmann P, Vandormael K, Lombardi A. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 31;343(9):604-10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200008313430902Saag K, Emkey R, Schnitzer T et al. Alendronate for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1999;54(1):39-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199901000-00021Saag K, Emkey R, Schnitzer T et al. Alendronate for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey. 1999;54(1):39-40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199901000-00021McClung MR, Geusens P , Miller PD , et al.Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group.N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 333-340McClung MR, Geusens P , Miller PD , et al.Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group.N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 333-340Boonen S, Orwoll E, Wenderoth D, Stoner K, Eusebio R, Delmas P. Once-Weekly Risedronate in Men With Osteoporosis: Results of a 2-Year, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2009;24(4):719-725. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081214Boonen S, Orwoll E, Wenderoth D, Stoner K, Eusebio R, Delmas P. Once-Weekly Risedronate in Men With Osteoporosis: Results of a 2-Year, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2009;24(4):719-725. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081214Eastell R, Devogelaer J, Peel N et al. Prevention of Bone Loss with Risedronate in Glucocorticoid-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Osteoporosis International. 2000;11(4):331-337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980070122Eastell R, Devogelaer J, Peel N et al. Prevention of Bone Loss with Risedronate in Glucocorticoid-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Osteoporosis International. 2000;11(4):331-337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s001980070122Chesnut CH 3rd, Skag A, Christiansen C, Recker R, Stakkestad JA, Hoiseth A, Felsenberg D, Huss H, Gilbride J, Schimmer RC, Delmas PD; Oral Ibandronate Osteoporosis Vertebral Fracture Trial in North America and Europe (BONE). Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Aug;19(8):1241-9. Epub 2004 Mar 29.Chesnut CH 3rd, Skag A, Christiansen C, Recker R, Stakkestad JA, Hoiseth A, Felsenberg D, Huss H, Gilbride J, Schimmer RC, Delmas PD; Oral Ibandronate Osteoporosis Vertebral Fracture Trial in North America and Europe (BONE). Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Aug;19(8):1241-9. Epub 2004 Mar 29.Miller PD, McClung MR, Macovei L, Stakkestad JA, Luckey M, Bonvoisin B, Reginster JY, Recker RR, Hughes C, Lewiecki EM, Felsenberg D, Delmas PD, Kendler DL, Bolognese MA, Mairon N, Cooper C. Monthly oral ibandronate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 1-year results from the MOBILE study J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Aug;20(8):1315-22. Epub 2005 Mar 14.Miller PD, McClung MR, Macovei L, Stakkestad JA, Luckey M, Bonvoisin B, Reginster JY, Recker RR, Hughes C, Lewiecki EM, Felsenberg D, Delmas PD, Kendler DL, Bolognese MA, Mairon N, Cooper C. Monthly oral ibandronate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 1-year results from the MOBILE study J Bone Miner Res. 2005 Aug;20(8):1315-22. Epub 2005 Mar 14.Recker RR, Ste-Marie LG, Langdahl B, Czerwinski E, Bonvoisin B, Masanauskaite D, Rowell L, Felsenberg D. Effects of intermittent intravenous ibandronate injections on bone quality and micro-architecture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: the DIVA study. Bone. 2010 Mar;46(3):660-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.11.004.Recker RR, Ste-Marie LG, Langdahl B, Czerwinski E, Bonvoisin B, Masanauskaite D, Rowell L, Felsenberg D. Effects of intermittent intravenous ibandronate injections on bone quality and micro-architecture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: the DIVA study. Bone. 2010 Mar;46(3):660-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.11.004.Harris S, Blumentals W, Miller P. Ibandronate and the risk of nonvertebral and clinical fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of a meta-analysis of phase III studies. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2007;24(1):237-245. doi: https://doi.org/10.1185/030079908x253717Harris S, Blumentals W, Miller P. Ibandronate and the risk of nonvertebral and clinical fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of a meta-analysis of phase III studies. Current Medical Research and Opinion. 2007;24(1):237-245. doi: https://doi.org/10.1185/030079908x253717Black D, Delmas P, Eastell R et al. Once-Yearly Zoledronic Acid for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1809-22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa067312Black D, Delmas P, Eastell R et al. Once-Yearly Zoledronic Acid for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1809-22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa067312Boonen S, Reginster J, Kaufman J et al. Fracture Risk and Zoledronic Acid Therapy in Men with Osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012;367(18):1714-1723Boonen S, Reginster J, Kaufman J et al. Fracture Risk and Zoledronic Acid Therapy in Men with Osteoporosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012;367(18):1714-1723Reid DM, Devogelaer JP, Saag K, Roux C, Lau CS, Reginster JY, Papanastasiou P, Ferreira A, Hartl F, Fashola T, Mesenbrink P, Sambrook PN; HORIZON investigators. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Apr 11;373(9671):1253-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60250-6Reid DM, Devogelaer JP, Saag K, Roux C, Lau CS, Reginster JY, Papanastasiou P, Ferreira A, Hartl F, Fashola T, Mesenbrink P, Sambrook PN; HORIZON investigators. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009 Apr 11;373(9671):1253-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60250-6Kenneth W. Lyles, Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric, M.H.Sc., Jay S. Magaziner, et al for the HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial* Zoledronic Acid and Clinical Fractures and Mortality after Hip Fracture. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1799-1809Kenneth W. Lyles, Cathleen S. Colón-Emeric, M.H.Sc., Jay S. Magaziner, et al for the HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial* Zoledronic Acid and Clinical Fractures and Mortality after Hip Fracture. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1799-1809McClung M, Miller P, Recknor C, Mesenbrink P, BucciRechtweg C, Benhamou C. Zoledronic Acid for the Prevention of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2009;114(5):999-1007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3181bdce0aMcClung M, Miller P, Recknor C, Mesenbrink P, BucciRechtweg C, Benhamou C. Zoledronic Acid for the Prevention of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2009;114(5):999-1007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3181bdce0aReid IR, Horne AM, Mihov B, Stewart A, Garratt E, Wong S, Wiessing KR, Bolland MJ, Bastin S, Gamble GD. Fracture Prevention with Zoledronate in Older Women with Osteopenia. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20;379(25):2407-2416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1808082Reid IR, Horne AM, Mihov B, Stewart A, Garratt E, Wong S, Wiessing KR, Bolland MJ, Bastin S, Gamble GD. Fracture Prevention with Zoledronate in Older Women with Osteopenia. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20;379(25):2407-2416. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1808082Cummings S, Martin J, McClung M et al. Denosumab for Prevention of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 20;361(8):756-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0809493Cummings S, Martin J, McClung M et al. Denosumab for Prevention of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 20;361(8):756-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0809493Langdahl B, Teglbjærg C, Ho P et al. A 24-Month Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Denosumab for the Treatment of Men With Low Bone Mineral Density: Results From the ADAMO Trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2015;100(4):1335-1342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-4079Langdahl B, Teglbjærg C, Ho P et al. A 24-Month Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Denosumab for the Treatment of Men With Low Bone Mineral Density: Results From the ADAMO Trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2015;100(4):1335-1342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-4079Orwoll E, Teglbjærg C, Langdahl B et al. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Denosumab for the Treatment of Men with Low Bone Mineral Density. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2012;97(9):3161-3169. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1569Orwoll E, Teglbjærg C, Langdahl B et al. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Denosumab for the Treatment of Men with Low Bone Mineral Density. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2012;97(9):3161-3169. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1569Saag KG, Pannacciulli N, Geusens P, Adachi JD, Messina OD, Morales-Torres J, Emkey R, Butler PW, Yin X, Lems WF. Denosumab vs risedronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: final results of a 24-month randomized, doubleblind, double-dummy trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Feb 28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40874Saag KG, Pannacciulli N, Geusens P, Adachi JD, Messina OD, Morales-Torres J, Emkey R, Butler PW, Yin X, Lems WF. Denosumab vs risedronate in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: final results of a 24-month randomized, doubleblind, double-dummy trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Feb 28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40874Gnant M, Pfeiler G, Dubsky P et al. Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer (ABCSG-18): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2015;386(9992):433-443. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60995-3Gnant M, Pfeiler G, Dubsky P et al. Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer (ABCSG-18): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2015;386(9992):433-443. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60995-3Smith MR, Egerdie B, Hernández Toriz N, Feldman R, Tammela TL, Saad F, Heracek J, Szwedowski M, Ke C, Kupic A, Leder BZ, Goessl C; DenosumabHALT Prostate Cancer Study Group. Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 20;361(8):745-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0809003Smith MR, Egerdie B, Hernández Toriz N, Feldman R, Tammela TL, Saad F, Heracek J, Szwedowski M, Ke C, Kupic A, Leder BZ, Goessl C; DenosumabHALT Prostate Cancer Study Group. Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 20;361(8):745-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0809003Amiche MA, Albaum JM, Tadrous M, et al. Efficacy of osteoporosis pharmacotherapies in preventing fracture among oral glucocorticoid users: a network. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Jun;27(6):1989-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3476-4Amiche MA, Albaum JM, Tadrous M, et al. Efficacy of osteoporosis pharmacotherapies in preventing fracture among oral glucocorticoid users: a network. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Jun;27(6):1989-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3476-4McClung M. Inhibition of RANKL as a treatment for osteoporosis: Preclinical and early clinical studies. Current Osteoporosis Reports. 2006;4(1):28-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-006-0012-7McClung M. Inhibition of RANKL as a treatment for osteoporosis: Preclinical and early clinical studies. Current Osteoporosis Reports. 2006;4(1):28-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-006-0012-7Белая Ж.Е., Рожинская Л.Я. Новые направления в терапии остеопороза – применение моноклональных человеческих антител к RANKL (Деносумаб) // Остеопороз и Остеопатии. 2011. – Т.14. - №2. – С. 19-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo2011223-26Belaya Z.E., Rozhinskaya L.Y. Novye napravleniya v terapii osteoporoza - primenenie monoklonal’nykh chelovecheskikh antitel k RANKL (denosumab). Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2011;14(2):23-26. (In Russ.)] doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo2011223-26Miller P, Bolognese M, Lewiecki E et al. Effect of denosumab on bone density and turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass after long-term continued, discontinued, and restarting of therapy: A randomized blinded phase 2 clinical trial. Bone. 2008;43(2):222-229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.007Miller P, Bolognese M, Lewiecki E et al. Effect of denosumab on bone density and turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass after long-term continued, discontinued, and restarting of therapy: A randomized blinded phase 2 clinical trial. Bone. 2008;43(2):222-229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.007Mandema JW1, Zheng J, Libanati C, Perez Ruixo JJ. Time course of bone mineral density changes with denosumab compared with other drugs in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a doseresponse-based meta-analysis.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Oct;99(10):3746-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3795.Mandema JW1, Zheng J, Libanati C, Perez Ruixo JJ. Time course of bone mineral density changes with denosumab compared with other drugs in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a doseresponse-based meta-analysis.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Oct;99(10):3746-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3795.Brown J, Prince R, Deal C et al. Comparison of the Effect of Denosumab and Alendronate on BMD and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass: A Randomized, Blinded, Phase 3 Trial*. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2009;24(1):153-161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.0809010Brown J, Prince R, Deal C et al. Comparison of the Effect of Denosumab and Alendronate on BMD and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass: A Randomized, Blinded, Phase 3 Trial*. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2009;24(1):153-161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.0809010Choi NK, Solomon DH, Tsacogianis TN, Landon JE, Song HJ, Kim SC.Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Denosumab Versus Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Osteoporosis: A Cohort Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2016 Oct 13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3019.Choi NK, Solomon DH, Tsacogianis TN, Landon JE, Song HJ, Kim SC.Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Denosumab Versus Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Osteoporosis: A Cohort Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2016 Oct 13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3019.Kendler D, Roux C, Benhamou C et al. Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women transitioning from alendronate therapy. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;25(1):72-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.090716.Kendler D, Roux C, Benhamou C et al. Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women transitioning from alendronate therapy. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;25(1):72-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.090716.Tsai J, Uihlein A, Burnett-Bowie S et al. Comparative Effects of Teriparatide, Denosumab, and Combination Therapy on Peripheral Compartmental Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Strength: the DATA-HRpQCT Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;30(1):39-45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2315.Tsai J, Uihlein A, Burnett-Bowie S et al. Comparative Effects of Teriparatide, Denosumab, and Combination Therapy on Peripheral Compartmental Bone Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Strength: the DATA-HRpQCT Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;30(1):39-45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2315.Neer R, Arnaud C, Zanchetta J et al. Effect of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Fractures and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 10;344(19):1434-41 doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200105103441904Neer R, Arnaud C, Zanchetta J et al. Effect of Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Fractures and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2001 May 10;344(19):1434-41 doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200105103441904Gallagher J, Genant H, Crans G, Vargas S, Krege J. Teriparatide Reduces the Fracture Risk Associated with Increasing Number and Severity of Osteoporotic Fractures. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2005;90(3):1583-1587. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0826Gallagher J, Genant H, Crans G, Vargas S, Krege J. Teriparatide Reduces the Fracture Risk Associated with Increasing Number and Severity of Osteoporotic Fractures. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2005;90(3):1583-1587. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0826Orwoll E, Scheele W, Paul S et al. The Effect of Teriparatide [Human Parathyroid Hormone (1-34)] Therapy on Bone Density in Men With Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(1):9-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.1.9.Orwoll E, Scheele W, Paul S et al. The Effect of Teriparatide [Human Parathyroid Hormone (1-34)] Therapy on Bone Density in Men With Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(1):9-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.1.9.Saag K, Shane E, Boonen S et al. Teriparatide or Alendronate in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 15;357(20):2028-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa071408Saag K, Shane E, Boonen S et al. Teriparatide or Alendronate in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 15;357(20):2028-39 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa071408Liu CL, Lee HC, Chen CC, Cho DY. Head-to-head comparisons of bisphosphonates and teriparatide in osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Clin Invest Med. 2017;40(3):E146-E157. doi: https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v40i3.28394.Liu CL, Lee HC, Chen CC, Cho DY. Head-to-head comparisons of bisphosphonates and teriparatide in osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Clin Invest Med. 2017;40(3):E146-E157. doi: https://doi.org/10.25011/cim.v40i3.28394.Wang YK, Qin SQ, Ma T, Song W, Jiang RQ, Guo JB, Li K, Zhang YM. Effects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(21):e6970. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006970.Wang YK, Qin SQ, Ma T, Song W, Jiang RQ, Guo JB, Li K, Zhang YM. Effects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(21):e6970. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000006970.Kendler DL, Marin F, Zerbini CAF, et al. Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10117):230-240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32137-2Kendler DL, Marin F, Zerbini CAF, et al. Effects of teriparatide and risedronate on new fractures in post-menopausal women with severe osteoporosis (VERO): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10117):230-240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32137-2Body J, Gaich G, Scheele W et al. A Randomized Double-Blind Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Teriparatide [Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (1–34)] with Alendronate in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2002;87(10):4528-4535. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020334.Body J, Gaich G, Scheele W et al. A Randomized Double-Blind Trial to Compare the Efficacy of Teriparatide [Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (1–34)] with Alendronate in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2002;87(10):4528-4535. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020334.Hadji P, Zanchetta J, Russo L et al. Effect of teriparatide compared with risedronate on back pain and incident vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Bone. 2011;48:S82-S83. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.108.Hadji P, Zanchetta J, Russo L et al. Effect of teriparatide compared with risedronate on back pain and incident vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Bone. 2011;48:S82-S83. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.108.Miller PD, Shergy WJ, Body J, Chen P, Rohe ME, Krege JH.: Longterm reduction of back pain risk in women with osteoporosis treated with teriparatide compared with alendronate. J Rheumatology. 2005;32:1556-1562.Miller PD, Shergy WJ, Body J, Chen P, Rohe ME, Krege JH.: Longterm reduction of back pain risk in women with osteoporosis treated with teriparatide compared with alendronate. J Rheumatology. 2005;32:1556-1562.European Medicines Agency Press Office. EMEA recommends changes in the product Information for Protelos/Osseor due to the risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions. EMEA/417458/2007European Medicines Agency Press Office. EMEA recommends changes in the product Information for Protelos/Osseor due to the risk of severe hypersensitivity reactions. EMEA/417458/2007European Medicines Agency: Recommendation to restrict the use of Protelos/Osseor (strontium ranelate). 25 April 2013 EMA/258269/2013European Medicines Agency: Recommendation to restrict the use of Protelos/Osseor (strontium ranelate). 25 April 2013 EMA/258269/2013European Medicines Agency: Protelos/Osseor (strontium ranelate) to remain available but with futher restrictions. 15 April 2014 EMA 235924/2014European Medicines Agency: Protelos/Osseor (strontium ranelate) to remain available but with futher restrictions. 15 April 2014 EMA 235924/2014Bone H.G., Hosking D., Devogelaer J.P. et al. Ten years’ experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. New Engl. J. Med. 2004;350(12):1189–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa030897.Bone H.G., Hosking D., Devogelaer J.P. et al. Ten years’ experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. New Engl. J. Med. 2004;350(12):1189–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa030897.Adler R, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer D et al. Managing Osteoporosis in Patients on Long-Term Bisphosphonate Treatment: Report of a Task Force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(1):16-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2708Adler R, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer D et al. Managing Osteoporosis in Patients on Long-Term Bisphosphonate Treatment: Report of a Task Force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(1):16-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2708Black DM, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cummings SR, Lippuner K, Leung PC, Martinez RLM, Ruzycky ME, Eastell R (2012a) Erratum: The effect of 3 versus 6 years of Zoledronic acid treatment of osteoporosis: A randomized extension to the horizon-pivotal fracture trial (PFT). J Bone Miner Res. 27(12):2612,Black DM, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cummings SR, Lippuner K, Leung PC, Martinez RLM, Ruzycky ME, Eastell R (2012a) Erratum: The effect of 3 versus 6 years of Zoledronic acid treatment of osteoporosis: A randomized extension to the horizon-pivotal fracture trial (PFT). J Bone Miner Res. 27(12):2612,Black DM, Reid IR, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Leung PC, Lakatos P, Lippuner K, Cummings SR, Hue TF, Mukhopadhyay A, Tan M, Aftring RP, Eastell R (2015) The effect of 6 versus 9 years of zoledronic acid treatment in osteoporosis: A randomized second extension to the HORIZONpivotal fracture trial (PFT). J Bone Miner Res. 30(5): 934-944Black DM, Reid IR, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Leung PC, Lakatos P, Lippuner K, Cummings SR, Hue TF, Mukhopadhyay A, Tan M, Aftring RP, Eastell R (2015) The effect of 6 versus 9 years of zoledronic acid treatment in osteoporosis: A randomized second extension to the HORIZONpivotal fracture trial (PFT). J Bone Miner Res. 30(5): 934-944Bone HG, Wagman RB, Brandi ML, Brown JP, Chapurlat R, Cummings SR, Czerwiński E, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Kendler DL, Lippuner K, Reginster JY, Roux C, Malouf J, Bradley MN, Daizadeh NS, Wang A, Dakin P, Pannacciulli N, Dempster DW, Papapoulos S. 10 years of denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from the phase 3 randomised FREEDOM trial and open- label extension. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(7):513-23Bone HG, Wagman RB, Brandi ML, Brown JP, Chapurlat R, Cummings SR, Czerwiński E, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Kendler DL, Lippuner K, Reginster JY, Roux C, Malouf J, Bradley MN, Daizadeh NS, Wang A, Dakin P, Pannacciulli N, Dempster DW, Papapoulos S. 10 years of denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results from the phase 3 randomised FREEDOM trial and open- label extension. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(7):513-23Bone HG, Bolognese MA, Yuenn CK, Kendler DL, Miller PD, Yang YC, Grazette L, Martin JS, Gallagher JC (2011) Effects of denosumab treatment and discontinuation on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96(4):972-980Bone HG, Bolognese MA, Yuenn CK, Kendler DL, Miller PD, Yang YC, Grazette L, Martin JS, Gallagher JC (2011) Effects of denosumab treatment and discontinuation on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 96(4):972-980Bone HG, Chapurlat R, Brandi ML, et al. (2013) The effect of three or six years of denosumab exposure in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: Results from the FREEDOM extension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(11):4483-4492Bone HG, Chapurlat R, Brandi ML, et al. (2013) The effect of three or six years of denosumab exposure in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: Results from the FREEDOM extension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(11):4483-4492Anagnostis P, Paschou SA, Mintziori G, Ceausu I, Depypere H, Lambrinoudaki I, Mueck A, Perez-Lopez FR, Rees M, Senturk LM, Simoncini T, Stevenson JC, Stute P, Tremollieres FA, Goulis DG Drug holidays from bisphosphonates and denosumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis: EMAS position statement. Maturitas, 2017, 101; 23030Anagnostis P, Paschou SA, Mintziori G, Ceausu I, Depypere H, Lambrinoudaki I, Mueck A, Perez-Lopez FR, Rees M, Senturk LM, Simoncini T, Stevenson JC, Stute P, Tremollieres FA, Goulis DG Drug holidays from bisphosphonates and denosumab in postmenopausal osteoporosis: EMAS position statement. Maturitas, 2017, 101; 23030Белая Ж.Е., Bilezikian J.P., Ершова О.Б., и др. Возможности длительной терапии постменопаузального остеопороза: обзор результатов клинических исследований деносумаба и резолюция совета экспертов российской ассоциации по остеопорозу (РАОП) // Остеопороз и остеопатии. 2018. – Т. 21. – №1. – С. 17-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo9760Belaya ZE, Bilezikian JP, Ershova OB, et al. Long-term treatment options for postmenopausal osteoporosis: results of recent clinical studies of Denosumab. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2018;21(1):17-22.] doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo9760Brown J, Roux C, Törring O et al. Discontinuation of denosumab and associated fracture incidence: Analysis from the Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) Trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(4):746-752. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1808.Brown J, Roux C, Törring O et al. Discontinuation of denosumab and associated fracture incidence: Analysis from the Fracture Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in Osteoporosis Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) Trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(4):746-752. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1808.Popp A, Zysset P, Lippuner K. Rebound-associated vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab—from clinic and biomechanics. Osteoporosis International. 2015;27(5):1917-1921. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3458-6.Popp A, Zysset P, Lippuner K. Rebound-associated vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab—from clinic and biomechanics. Osteoporosis International. 2015;27(5):1917-1921. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3458-6.Leder BZ, Tsai JN, Uihlein AV, Wallace PM, Lee H, Neer RM, BurnettBowie SAM (2015) Denosumab and teriparatide transitions in postmenopausal osteoporosis (the DATA-Switch study): Extension of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 386(9999):1147-1155Leder BZ, Tsai JN, Uihlein AV, Wallace PM, Lee H, Neer RM, BurnettBowie SAM (2015) Denosumab and teriparatide transitions in postmenopausal osteoporosis (the DATA-Switch study): Extension of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 386(9999):1147-1155Ebina K, Hashimoto J, Kashii M, Hirao M, Kaneshiro S, Noguchi T, Tsukamoto Y, Yoshikawa H. The effects of switching daily teriparatide to oral bisphosphonates or denosumab in patients with primary osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab. 2017 Jan;35(1):91-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-015-0731-xEbina K, Hashimoto J, Kashii M, Hirao M, Kaneshiro S, Noguchi T, Tsukamoto Y, Yoshikawa H. The effects of switching daily teriparatide to oral bisphosphonates or denosumab in patients with primary osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab. 2017 Jan;35(1):91-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-015-0731-xDiez-Perez A, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, Bilezikian JP, Compston JE, Cummings SR, Eastell R, Eriksen EF, Gonzales-Macies J, Liberman UA, Wahl DA, Seeman E, Kanis JA, Cooper C.: Treatment failure in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int. 2012;(23):2769-2774Diez-Perez A, Adachi JD, Agnusdei D, Bilezikian JP, Compston JE, Cummings SR, Eastell R, Eriksen EF, Gonzales-Macies J, Liberman UA, Wahl DA, Seeman E, Kanis JA, Cooper C.: Treatment failure in osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Int. 2012;(23):2769-2774Bousson V, Bergot C, Sutter B, Levitz P, Cortet B. Trabecular bone score (TBS): available knowledge, clinical relevance, and future prospects. Osteoporosis International. 2011;23(5):1489-1501. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1824-6.Bousson V, Bergot C, Sutter B, Levitz P, Cortet B. Trabecular bone score (TBS): available knowledge, clinical relevance, and future prospects. Osteoporosis International. 2011;23(5):1489-1501. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1824-6.Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Bilezikian JP, Baim S. Executive summary of the 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference on bone densitometry. J Clin Densitom. 2013;16(4):455-466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.004.Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Bilezikian JP, Baim S. Executive summary of the 2013 International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference on bone densitometry. J Clin Densitom. 2013;16(4):455-466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.004.Marcus R, Wang O, Satterwhite J, Mitlak B. The Skeletal Response to Teriparatide Is Largely Independent of Age, Initial Bone Mineral Density, and Prevalent Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(1):18-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.1.18.Marcus R, Wang O, Satterwhite J, Mitlak B. The Skeletal Response to Teriparatide Is Largely Independent of Age, Initial Bone Mineral Density, and Prevalent Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(1):18-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.1.18.Saag K, Zanchetta J, Devogelaer J et al. Effects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: Thirty-six-month results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2009;60(11):3346-3355. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24879Saag K, Zanchetta J, Devogelaer J et al. Effects of teriparatide versus alendronate for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: Thirty-six-month results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 2009;60(11):3346-3355. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.24879British Orthopaedic Association and British Geriatrics Society. The care of patients with fragility fracture. 2007:15-50.British Orthopaedic Association and British Geriatrics Society. The care of patients with fragility fracture. 2007:15-50.Griffiths R, Alper J, Beckingsale A et al. Management of proximal femoral fractures 2011. Anaesthesia. 2011;67(1):85-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06957.x.Griffiths R, Alper J, Beckingsale A et al. Management of proximal femoral fractures 2011. Anaesthesia. 2011;67(1):85-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06957.x.Загородний Н.В., Голухов Г.Н., Волна А.А. и др. Диагностика и лечение переломов проксимального отдела бедра у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста. Методические рекомендации. РУДН. Москва, 2012.Zagorodniy NV, Golukhov GN, Volna AA, et al. Diagnostika i lechenie perelomov proksimal’nogo otdela bedra u lits pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. RUDN. Moskva, 2012. (In Russ.)Roche J. Effect of comorbidities and postoperative complications on mortality after hip fracture in elderly people: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2005;331(7529):1374-0. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38643.663843.55.Roche J. Effect of comorbidities and postoperative complications on mortality after hip fracture in elderly people: prospective observational cohort study. BMJ. 2005;331(7529):1374-0. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38643.663843.55.Oliver D, Connelly J, Victor C et al. Strategies to prevent falls and fractures in hospitals and care homes and effect of cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2007;334(7584):82-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39049.706493.55Oliver D, Connelly J, Victor C et al. Strategies to prevent falls and fractures in hospitals and care homes and effect of cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2007;334(7584):82-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39049.706493.55Schmidt K, Hübscher M, Vogt L, et al. Einflüsse einer Wirbelsäulenorthese auf Gangparameter und Alltagsfunktion bei Postmenopausaler Osteoporose [Influence of spinal orthosis on gait and physical functioning in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis]. Orthopade. 2012;41(3):200-205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-011-1867-6Schmidt K, Hübscher M, Vogt L, et al. Einflüsse einer Wirbelsäulenorthese auf Gangparameter und Alltagsfunktion bei Postmenopausaler Osteoporose [Influence of spinal orthosis on gait and physical functioning in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis]. Orthopade. 2012;41(3):200-205. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-011-1867-6Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW. Effects of a new spinal orthosis on posture, trunk strength, and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004; 83:177–186.Pfeifer M, Begerow B, Minne HW. Effects of a new spinal orthosis on posture, trunk strength, and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004; 83:177–186.Yuan Zhe Jin, Jae Hyup Lee Effect of Brace to Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Meta- Analysis//J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31: 1641-1649.Yuan Zhe Jin, Jae Hyup Lee Effect of Brace to Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: A Meta- Analysis//J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31: 1641-1649.Valentin GH, Pedersen LN, Maribo T. Wearing an active spinal orthosis improves back extensor strength in women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2014;38(3):232-238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309364613497393Valentin GH, Pedersen LN, Maribo T. Wearing an active spinal orthosis improves back extensor strength in women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2014;38(3):232-238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309364613497393Matussek J, Boluki D, Füssel S, Grifka. Orthotic methods for osteoporosis and osteoporotic vertebral fracture. J. Orthopade. 2010;39(4):387-96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-010-1596-2.Matussek J, Boluki D, Füssel S, Grifka. Orthotic methods for osteoporosis and osteoporotic vertebral fracture. J. Orthopade. 2010;39(4):387-96. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-010-1596-2.Shariatzadeh H, Modaghegh BS, MD, Mirzaei A. The Effect of Dynamic Hyperextension Brace on Osteoporosis and Hyperkyphosis Reduction in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2017;5(3):181–185.Shariatzadeh H, Modaghegh BS, MD, Mirzaei A. The Effect of Dynamic Hyperextension Brace on Osteoporosis and Hyperkyphosis Reduction in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2017;5(3):181–185.Snow-Harter C, Bouxsein ML, Lewis BT, Carter DR, Marcus R. Effects of resistance and endurance exercise on bone mineral status of young women: a randomized exercise intervention trial. J Bone Miner Res. 1992;(7):761-769Snow-Harter C, Bouxsein ML, Lewis BT, Carter DR, Marcus R. Effects of resistance and endurance exercise on bone mineral status of young women: a randomized exercise intervention trial. J Bone Miner Res. 1992;(7):761-769Vainionpää A, Korpelainen R, Leppäluoto J, Jämsä T. Effects of highimpact exercise on bone mineral density: a randomized controlled trial in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(2):191-7Vainionpää A, Korpelainen R, Leppäluoto J, Jämsä T. Effects of highimpact exercise on bone mineral density: a randomized controlled trial in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(2):191-7Kelley G, Kelley K, Tran Z. Exercise and Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2002;57(9):M599-M604. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.9.m599.Kelley G, Kelley K, Tran Z. Exercise and Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2002;57(9):M599-M604. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.9.m599.Пигарова Е.А., Рожинская Л.Я., Белая Ж.Е., и др. Клинические рекомендации Российской Ассоциации Эндокринологов по диагностике, лечению и профилактике дефицита витамина D у взрослых // Проблемы эндокринологии. 2016. - Т. 62. - №4. - С. 60-84. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/probl201662460-84Pigarova E.A., Rozhinskaya L.Y., Belaya J.E., Dzeranova L.K., Karonova T.L., Ilyin A.V., Melnichenko G.A., Dedov I.I. Russian Association of Endocrinologists recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency in adults. Problems of Endocrinology. 2016;62(4):60-84. (In Russ.) doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/probl201662460-84Химический состав пищевых продуктов, используемых в Российской Федерации. Доступен по ссылке: http://web.ion.ru/food/FD_tree_grid.aspx.Khimicheskiy sostav pishchevykh produktov, ispol’zuemykh v Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Available from: http://web.ion.ru/food/FD_tree_grid.aspx. (In Russ.)Boonen S, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Cooper C et al. Addressing the Musculoskeletal Components of Fracture Risk with Calcium and Vitamin D: A Review of the Evidence. Calcified Tissue International. 2006;78(5):257-270. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-005-0009-8.Boonen S, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Cooper C et al. Addressing the Musculoskeletal Components of Fracture Risk with Calcium and Vitamin D: A Review of the Evidence. Calcified Tissue International. 2006;78(5):257-270. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-005-0009-8.Richy F, Dukas L, Schacht E. Differential Effects of D-Hormone Analogs and Native Vitamin D on the Risk of Falls: A Comparative Meta-Analysis. Calcified Tissue International. 2008;82(2):102-107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-008-9102-0.Richy F, Dukas L, Schacht E. Differential Effects of D-Hormone Analogs and Native Vitamin D on the Risk of Falls: A Comparative Meta-Analysis. Calcified Tissue International. 2008;82(2):102-107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-008-9102-0.Baber R, Panay N, Fenton A. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-150. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166.Baber R, Panay N, Fenton A. 2016 IMS Recommendations on women’s midlife health and menopause hormone therapy. Climacteric. 2016;19(2):109-150. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/13697137.2015.1129166.Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principle results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principle results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333Ettinger B, Ensrud K, Wallace R et al. Effects of Ultralow-Dose Transdermal Estradiol on Bone Mineral Density: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2004;104(3):443-451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000137833.43248.79.Ettinger B, Ensrud K, Wallace R et al. Effects of Ultralow-Dose Transdermal Estradiol on Bone Mineral Density: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2004;104(3):443-451. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000137833.43248.79.T.J. de Villiers, J.E. Hall, J.V. Pinkerton, S. Cerdas Perez, M. Rees, C. Yang, D.D. Pierroz Revised global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy. J. Climacteric 2016 19:4; 313-315T.J. de Villiers, J.E. Hall, J.V. Pinkerton, S. Cerdas Perez, M. Rees, C. Yang, D.D. Pierroz Revised global Consensus Statement on Menopausal Hormone Therapy. J. Climacteric 2016 19:4; 313-315Kanis J.A., Johnell O., De Laet C., et al. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 2004; 35(2): 375-82Kanis J.A., Johnell O., De Laet C., et al. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone 2004; 35(2): 375-82Klotzbuecher C.M., Ross P.D., Landsman P.B., et al. Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis. J Bone Mineral Research 2000; 15(4): 721-39.Klotzbuecher C.M., Ross P.D., Landsman P.B., et al. Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis. J Bone Mineral Research 2000; 15(4): 721-39.McLellan A, Reid D, Forbes K, et al. Effectiveness of strategies for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in Scotland (CEPS 99/03): NHS Quality Improvement Scotland. 2004.McLellan A, Reid D, Forbes K, et al. Effectiveness of strategies for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in Scotland (CEPS 99/03): NHS Quality Improvement Scotland. 2004.Akesson K., Marsh D., Mitchell P.J. et al. Capture the Fracture: a Best Practice Framework and global campaign to break the fragility fracture cycle. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(8): v2135-2152.Akesson K., Marsh D., Mitchell P.J. et al. Capture the Fracture: a Best Practice Framework and global campaign to break the fragility fracture cycle. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(8): v2135-2152.Hagino H., Sawaguchi T., Endo N., et al. The risk of a second hip fracture in patients after their first hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 90: 14-21.Hagino H., Sawaguchi T., Endo N., et al. The risk of a second hip fracture in patients after their first hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 90: 14-21.Dell R. Fracture prevention in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Osteoporos Int. 2011; 22 Suppl 3: 457-60.Dell R. Fracture prevention in Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Osteoporos Int. 2011; 22 Suppl 3: 457-60.Nakayama A., Major G., Holliday E., Attia J., Bogduk N. Evidence of effectiveness of a fracture liaison service to reduce the re-fracture rate. Osteoporos Int. 2016; 27(3): 873-9.Nakayama A., Major G., Holliday E., Attia J., Bogduk N. Evidence of effectiveness of a fracture liaison service to reduce the re-fracture rate. Osteoporos Int. 2016; 27(3): 873-9.Marsh D., Akesson K., Beaton D. E. et al. Coordinator-based systems for secondary prevention in fragility fracture patients. Osteoporos Int. 2011; 22: 2051-2065.Marsh D., Akesson K., Beaton D. E. et al. Coordinator-based systems for secondary prevention in fragility fracture patients. Osteoporos Int. 2011; 22: 2051-2065.Ganda K., Mitchell P.J., Seibel M.J. Chapter 3 - Models of Secondary Fracture Prevention: Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Outcomes. Secondary Fracture Prevention. An International Perspective. 2019. P. 33-62Ganda K., Mitchell P.J., Seibel M.J. Chapter 3 - Models of Secondary Fracture Prevention: Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Outcomes. Secondary Fracture Prevention. An International Perspective. 2019. P. 33-62Ganda K, Puech M, Chen JS, Speerin R, Bleasel J, Center JR, et al. Models of care for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(2):393–406.Ganda K, Puech M, Chen JS, Speerin R, Bleasel J, Center JR, et al. Models of care for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(2):393–406.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.