<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">porozendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Остеопороз и остеопатии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2680</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-0716</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/osteo12945</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">porozendo-12945</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальное исследование</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль и место калькулятора FRAX в принятии решения об инициации лечения остеопороза: анализ регистра центра остеопороза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role and place of the FRAX calculator in initiation osteoporosis treatment: an analysis of the osteoporosis center registry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-6941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладкова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladkova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гладкова Елена Николаевна, к.м.н. </p><p>190068, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, д. 30 </p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 6535-4153</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Gladkova, MD, PhD</p><p>190068, St. Petersburg, street Bolshaya Podyacheskaya, 30</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 6535-4153</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gen4605@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-0614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесняк</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesnyak</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лесняк Ольга Михайловна, д.м.н., профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga M. Lesnyak, MD, PhD, Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.m.lesnyak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-4427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закроева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakroeva</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Закроева Алла Геннадьевна, д.м.н.</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla G. Zakroeva, MD, PhD</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 24466948200</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakroeva.alla@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-7256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайдукова</surname><given-names>И. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaydukova</surname><given-names>I. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайдукова Инна Зурабиевна, д.м.н. </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55237525900;</p><p>Researcher ID: F-6020-2013;</p><p>еLibrary SPIN: 3083-7996</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna Z. Gaydukova, MD, PhD</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55237525900;</p><p>Researcher ID: F-6020-2013;</p><p>еLibrary SPIN: 3083-7996</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ubp1976@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0888-8991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorieva</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьева Александра Леонидовна, к.м.н. </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3621-7361</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra L. Grigorieva, MD, PhD</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 3621-7361</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexagri@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-9712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафонова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safonova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сафонова Юлия Александровна, к.м.н. </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9690-6636;</p><p>Web on Science: 0-9438-2015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Safonova, MD, PhD</p><p>St. Petersburg</p><p>eLibrary SPIN: 9690-6636;</p><p>Web on Science: 0-9438-2015 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jula_safonova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; СПБ ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница №25»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; City Clinical Rheumatological Hospital N 25, St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПБ ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница №25»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Rheumatological Hospital N 25, St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; СПБ ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница №25»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; City Clinical Rheumatological Hospital N 25</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гладкова Е.Н., Лесняк О.М., Закроева А.Г., Гайдукова И.З., Григорьева А.Л., Сафонова Ю.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гладкова Е.Н., Лесняк О.М., Закроева А.Г., Гайдукова И.З., Григорьева А.Л., Сафонова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gladkova E.N., Lesnyak O.M., Zakroeva A.G., Gaydukova I.Z., Grigorieva A.L., Safonova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.osteo-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12945">https://www.osteo-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/12945</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование. Растущая частота переломов, связанных с остеопорозом, значительные затраты на их лечение, а также утрата трудоспособности и повышенная летальность делают важной и актуальной задачей оптимизацию диагностики и лечения остеопороза в Российской Федерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Проанализировать, как специалисты центра остеопороза используют современные критерии диагностики остеопороза при принятии клинического решения об инициации лечения остеопороза и какое место в этом процессе занимает подсчет 10-летней вероятности переломов по FRAX.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось в городском консультативно-диагностическом центре профилактики остеопороза СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница №25» г. Санкт-Петербурга. Для отбора пациентов в исследование использовался регистр центра остеопороза за 2018–2021 гг. На основании анализа данных регистра была получена выборка из 362 пациентов с впервые диагностированным остеопорозом. В полученной выборке произведена оценка имеющегося значения FRAX на графике порога терапевтического вмешательства, проанализирована первичная медицинская документация, а также имеющиеся данные DXA-денситометрии.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В работе проведена оценка места подсчета 10-летнего риска основных остеопорозных переломов по FRAX в клиническом решении врача-специалиста в области остеопороза о начале антиостеопорозной терапии, в данном случае принятом за золотой стандарт. Исследование показало высокую прогностическую ценность положительного результата подсчета FRAX (100%). Другими словами, в случае, когда результат подсчета 10-летнего риска основных остеопорозных переломов лежит в зоне выше порога терапевтического вмешательства, вероятность инициации его лечения составляет 100%. Напротив, прогностическая ценность отрицательного результата была очень низкой (19,5%): величина FRAX ниже порога вмешательства не гарантировала действительно низкий риск переломов и отсутствие необходимости начать лечение остеопороза.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несмотря на то что и денситометрия, и FRAX имеют существенные ограничения в использовании и не могут выявить всех пациентов с высоким риском переломов, их совместное использование повышает прогностическую ценность методов. Технология FRAX в рутинной практике позволяет дополнительно к клиническим и инструментальным методам диагностики высокого риска переломов выявить кандидатов на лечение остеопороза и должна применяться в соответствии с клиническими рекомендациями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: The growing frequency of fractures associated with osteoporosis, the significant costs of their treatment, disability and increased mortality make it an important and urgent task to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in the Russian Federation.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: The aim of this study was analyzed of using modern diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis by specialists when they making a clinical decision to initiate treatment for osteoporosis, including an estimate of the 10-year probability of fractures according to FRAX.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the city consultative and diagnostic center for the prevention of osteoporosis, St. Petersburg. The register of the osteoporosis center for 2018–2021 was used to select patients for the study. Based on the analysis of registry data, a sample of 362 patients with newly diagnosed osteoporosis was obtained. In the resulting sample, the existing FRAX value was assessed on the therapeutic intervention threshold graph, all of them analyzed the primary medical documentation, as well as the available DXA densitometry data.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: In this study, we assessed the place of FRAX 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fractures in the clinical decision of an osteoporosis specialist to start anti-osteoporosis therapy, in this case taken as the «gold standard». The study found that a positive FRAX score had a high predictive value of 100%. In contrast, the negative predictive value was very low (19.5%): a FRAX value below the intervention threshold did not guarantee a truly low fracture risk and no need to start osteoporosis treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Despite the fact that both densitometry and FRAX have significant limitations in use, and cannot identify all patients with a high risk of fractures, their combined use increases the prognostic value of the methods. FRAX technology in routine practice allows, in addition to clinical and instrumental methods for diagnosing high-risk fractures, to identify candidates for the treatment of osteoporosis, and should be used in accordance with clinical recommendations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>FRAX</kwd><kwd>лечение остеопороза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>FRAX</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1994;843:1-129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1994;843:1-129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М., Баранова И.А., Белова К.Ю., и др. Остеопороз в Российской Федерации: эпидемиология, медико-социальные и экономические аспекты проблемы (обзор литературы) // Травматология и ортопедия России. — 2018. — Т. 24. — №1. — С. 155-168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak OM, Baranova IA, Belova KYu, et al. Osteoporosis in Russian Federation: Epidemiology, Socio-Medical and Economical Aspects (Review). Traumatol Orthop Russ.. 2018;24(1):155-168 (in Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-1-155-168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубрикатор клинических рекомендаций. [Интернет]. Остеопороз. Клинические рекомендации. Доступно по: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/87_4 (ссылка активна на 29.01.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Disclosure rubricator. [Internet]. Osteoporosis. Clinical guidelines. (In Russ.). Доступно по: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/87_4 (ссылка активна на 29.01.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Melton LJ, Christiansen C, et al. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;9(8):1137-1141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650090802</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Melton LJ, Christiansen C, et al. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;9(8):1137-1141. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650090802</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C, et al. Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(9):2395-2411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1713-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C, et al. Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(9):2395-2411. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-011-1713-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FRAX [Интернет]. Инструмент оценки риска переломов. [. Доступно по: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.aspx?country=13. Ссылка активна на: 29.01.2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FRAX [Интернет]. Инструмент оценки риска переломов. [FRAX [Internet]. Instrument otsenki riska perelomov. (In Russ.)]. Доступно по: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/tool. aspx?country=13. Ссылка активна на: 29.01.2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lesnyak O, Ershova O, Belova K, et al. Epidemiology of fracture in the Russian Federation and the development of a FRAX model. Arch Osteoporos. 2012;7(1-2):67-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0082-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak O, Ershova O, Belova K, et al. Epidemiology of fracture in the Russian Federation and the development of a FRAX model. Arch Osteoporos. 2012;7(1-2):67-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0082-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lesnyak O, Zakroyeva A, Babalyan V, et al. FRAX-based intervention thresholds in eight Eurasian countries: Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, the Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan. Arch Osteoporos. 2021;16(1):87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-021-00962-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak O, Zakroyeva A, Babalyan V, et al. FRAX-based intervention thresholds in eight Eurasian countries: Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, the Russian Federation, and Uzbekistan. Arch Osteoporos. 2021;16(1):87. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-021-00962-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Cooper C, et al. Screening in the community to reduce fractures in older women (SCOOP): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10122):741-747. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32640-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Cooper C, et al. Screening in the community to reduce fractures in older women (SCOOP): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10122):741-747. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32640-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М., Хосева Е.Н., Меньшикова Л.В., и др. Оценка влияния информированности пациенток с постменопаузальным остеопорозом о величине 10-летнего абсолютного риска переломов по FRAX на решение начать лечение и приверженности к терапии (промежуточные результаты исследования «КРИСТАЛЛ») // Остеопороз и остеопатии — 2014. — Т. 17. — №2. — С. 7-10.. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo201427-10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lesnyak OM, Khoseva EN, Menshikova LV, et al. The influence of awareness of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis about the magnitude of the FRAX 10-year absolute risk of fracture on the decision to start and the adherence to antiosteoporotic treatment (interim results of «CRYSTAL» study). Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2014;17(2):7-10. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/osteo201427-10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parsons CM, Harvey N, Shepstone L, et al. Systematic screening using FRAX® leads to increased use of, and adherence to, anti-osteoporosis medications: an analysis of the UK SCOOP trial. Osteoporos Int. 2020;31(1):67-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05142-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parsons CM, Harvey N, Shepstone L, et al. Systematic screening using FRAX® leads to increased use of, and adherence to, anti-osteoporosis medications: an analysis of the UK SCOOP trial. Osteoporos Int. 2020;31(1):67-75. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05142-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мазуров В.И., Лесняк О.М., Белова К.Ю., и др. Алгоритмы выбора терапии остеопороза при оказании первичной медико-санитарной помощи и организации льготного лекарственного обеспечения отдельных категорий граждан, имеющих право на получение государственной социальной помощи. Системный обзор и резолюция // Профилактическая медицина. — 2019. — Т. 22. — №1. — С. 57-65. doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20192201157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazurov VI, Lesnyak OM, Belova KYu, et al. Algorithm for selection of drug for osteoporosis treatment in primary care and in organization of provision with medicinal products of citizens eligible for state social assistance. Review of the literature and position of Russian Association on Osteoporosis Expert Council. Profil meditsina. 2019;22(1):57-65. (In Russ.). doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20192201157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, et al. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(5):1595-1622. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eastell R, Rosen CJ, Black DM, et al. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(5):1595-1622. doi: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-00221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watts NB, Camacho PM, Lewiecki EM, Petak SM. AACE/ACE Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis-2020 Update. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):379-380. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watts NB, Camacho PM, Lewiecki EM, Petak SM. AACE/ACE Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis-2020 Update. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):379-380. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, et al. An assessment of intervention thresholds for very high fracture risk applied to the NOGG guidelines: A report for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(10):1951-1960. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05942-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, et al. An assessment of intervention thresholds for very high fracture risk applied to the NOGG guidelines: A report for the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG). Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(10):1951-1960. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05942-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H, et al. FRAX Update. J Clin Densitom. 2017;20(3):360-367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2017.06.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H, et al. FRAX Update. J Clin Densitom. 2017;20(3):360-367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2017.06.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansson H, Azizieh F, Al Ali N, et al. FRAX- vs. T-score-based intervention thresholds for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(11):3099-3105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4160-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansson H, Azizieh F, Al Ali N, et al. FRAX- vs. T-score-based intervention thresholds for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(11):3099-3105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4160-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, et al. Intervention thresholds and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(10):1747-1753. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, et al. Intervention thresholds and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(10):1747-1753. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis J., Johnell O, De Laet C, et al. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone. 2004;35(2):375-382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis J., Johnell O, De Laet C, et al. A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk. Bone. 2004;35(2):375-382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morin SN, Lix LM, Leslie WD. The importance of previous fracture site on osteoporosis diagnosis and incident fractures in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(7):1675-1680. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morin SN, Lix LM, Leslie WD. The importance of previous fracture site on osteoporosis diagnosis and incident fractures in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(7):1675-1680. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Center JR, Bliuc D, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA. Risk of subsequent fracture after low-trauma fracture in men and women. JAMA. 2007;297(4):387. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.4.387</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Center JR, Bliuc D, Nguyen TV, Eisman JA. Risk of subsequent fracture after low-trauma fracture in men and women. JAMA. 2007;297(4):387. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.4.387</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gehlbach S, Saag KG, Adachi JD, et al. Previous fractures at multiple sites increase the risk for subsequent fractures: The global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27(3):645-653. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1476</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gehlbach S, Saag KG, Adachi JD, et al. Previous fractures at multiple sites increase the risk for subsequent fractures: The global longitudinal study of osteoporosis in women. J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27(3):645-653. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.1476</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(1):3-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster JY. Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO) and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(1):3-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-018-4704-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansson H, Siggeirsdóttir K, Harvey NC, et al. Imminent risk of fracture after fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(3):775-780. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3868-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansson H, Siggeirsdóttir K, Harvey NC, et al. Imminent risk of fracture after fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(3):775-780. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3868-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, et al. Adjusting conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the recency of sentinel fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2020;31(10):1817-1828. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05517-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Johansson H, Harvey NC, et al. Adjusting conventional FRAX estimates of fracture probability according to the recency of sentinel fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2020;31(10):1817-1828. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05517-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, et al. Spine-hip discordance and fracture risk assessment: a physician-friendly FRAX enhancement. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(3):839-847. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1461-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leslie WD, Lix LM, Johansson H, et al. Spine-hip discordance and fracture risk assessment: a physician-friendly FRAX enhancement. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22(3):839-847. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1461-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watts NB, Lewiecki EM, Miller PD, Baim S. National Osteoporosis Foundation 2008 Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis and the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX): what they mean to the bone densitometrist and bone technologist. J Clin Densitom. 2008;11(4):473-477. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2008.04.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watts NB, Lewiecki EM, Miller PD, Baim S. National Osteoporosis Foundation 2008 Clinician’s Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis and the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX): what they mean to the bone densitometrist and bone technologist. J Clin Densitom. 2008;11(4):473-477. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2008.04.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, et al. Intervention thresholds and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(10):1747-1753. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, et al. Intervention thresholds and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(10):1747-1753. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johansson H, Azizieh F, Al Ali N, et al. FRAX- vs. T-score-based intervention thresholds for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(11):3099-3105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4160-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johansson H, Azizieh F, Al Ali N, et al. FRAX- vs. T-score-based intervention thresholds for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(11):3099-3105. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4160-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marques A, Lucas R, Simões E, et al. Do we need bone mineral density to estimate osteoporotic fracture risk? A 10-year prospective multicentre validation study. RMD Open. 2017;3(2):e000509. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000509</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marques A, Lucas R, Simões E, et al. Do we need bone mineral density to estimate osteoporotic fracture risk? A 10-year prospective multicentre validation study. RMD Open. 2017;3(2):e000509. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000509</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leslie WD, Lix LM, Binkley N. Osteoporosis treatment considerations based upon fracture history, fracture risk assessment, vertebral fracture assessment, and bone density in Canada. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15(1):93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00775-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leslie WD, Lix LM, Binkley N. Osteoporosis treatment considerations based upon fracture history, fracture risk assessment, vertebral fracture assessment, and bone density in Canada. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15(1):93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00775-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитинская О.А., Добровольская О.В., Торопцова Н.В. Прогнозирование переломов с использованием российской модели алгоритма FRAX: результаты десятилетнего наблюдения // Остеопороз и остеопатии. — 2020. — Т. 23. — №2. — С. 104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitinskaya OA, Dobrovolskaya OV, Toroptsova NV. Fracture prediction using the russian model of the FRAX algorithm: results of ten-year observation. Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases. 2020;23(2):104. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skripnikova IA, Myagkova MA, Shalnova SA, et al. Estimation of bone fracture risk using FRAX model in some regions of Russian Federation. Int J Clin Rheumtol. 2018;13(2):63-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.4172/1758-4272.1000164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skripnikova IA, Myagkova MA, Shalnova SA, et al. Estimation of bone fracture risk using FRAX model in some regions of Russian Federation. Int J Clin Rheumtol. 2018;13(2):63-70. doi: https://doi.org/10.4172/1758-4272.1000164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skripnikova IA, Myagkova MA, Shalnova SA, et al. Epidemiology of risk factors and estimating 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures in the Russian Federation. Arch Osteoporos. 2022;17(1):62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-022-01093-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skripnikova IA, Myagkova MA, Shalnova SA, et al. Epidemiology of risk factors and estimating 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures in the Russian Federation. Arch Osteoporos. 2022;17(1):62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-022-01093-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EUnetHTA OTCA19 Assessment Team [Internet]. Screening for osteoporosis in the general population. Collaborative Assessment. Report No.: OTCA19. Diemen (The Netherlands): EUnetHTA; 2019 [cited 02.10.22]. Available from: https://www.eunethta.eu</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EUnetHTA OTCA19 Assessment Team [Internet]. Screening for osteoporosis in the general population. Collaborative Assessment. Report No.: OTCA19. Diemen (The Netherlands): EUnetHTA; 2019 [cited 02.10.22]. Available from: https://www.eunethta.eu</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гладкова Е.Н., Лесняк О.М., Ершова О.Б., и др. Сравнение эффективности различных подходов к организации диагностики остеопороза и выявления пациентов с высоким риском переломов в российской популяции // Профилактическая медицина. — 2021. — Т. 24. — №10. — С. 14-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladkova EN, Lesnyak OM, Ershova OB, et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of different approaches to osteoporosis diagnosis organizing and identification of patients at high fracture risk in the Russian population. Profil meditsina. 2021;24(10):14-23. (In Russ.) doi: https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20212410114</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
