porozendoОстеопороз и остеопатииOsteoporosis and Bone Diseases2072-26802311-0716Endocrinology Research Centre10.14341/osteo13206porozendo-13206Research ArticleНаучный обзорReviewВозможности диагностики саркопении: клинические, лабораторные, инструментальныеClinical, laboratory and instrumental aspects of sarcopenia diagnosticshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-5019ЖдановаА. С.ZhdanovaA. S.

Жданова Анастасия Станиславовна, аспирант

117036, г. Москва, ул. Дм. Ульянова, д. 1

Anastasiia S. Zhdanova, PhD student

117036, Russia, Moscow, Dmitria Uljanova street, 11

zhdanova.a.doc@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6674-6441БелаяЖ. Е.BelayaZ. E.

Белая Жанна Евгеньевна, д.м.н., профессор

 г. Москва

Zhanna E. Belaya, MD, PhD

Moscow

jannabelaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1702-924XОмельченкоК. А.OmelchenkoK. A.

Омельченко Константин Анатольевич, к.м.н. 

г. Москва

Konstantin A. Omelchenko, PhD

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-7772АйрапетовГ. А.AirapetovG. A.

Айрапетов Георгий Александрович, д.м.н., доцент 

г. Москва

Georgii A. Airapetov, MD, PhD

Moscow

AirapetovGA@yandex.ruГНЦ РФ ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии им. академика И.И. Дедова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияEndocrinology Research CenterRussian FederationГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №31 им. академика Г.М. Савельевой» Департамента здравоохранения города МосквыРоссияCity Clinical Hospital No. 31 named after Academician G.M. SavelyevaRussian FederationГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница №31 им. академика Г.М. Савельевой» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы»РоссияCity Clinical Hospital No. 31 named after Academician G.M. Savelyeva; Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice LumumbaRussian Federation2025110120262831223Copyright © Жданова А.С., Белая Ж.Е., Омельченко К.А., Айрапетов Г.А., 20262026Жданова А.С., Белая Ж.Е., Омельченко К.А., Айрапетов Г.А.Zhdanova A.S., Belaya Z.E., Omelchenko K.A., Airapetov G.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.osteo-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/13206

Саркопения представляет собой ассоциированную с возрастом прогрессирующую потерю мышечной массы и мышечной силы, что приводит к снижению функциональной активности, повышению риска падений, переломов, госпитализаций и вносит существенный вклад в инвалидизацию и смертность населения старшей возрастной группы. Универсального объяснения пути развития саркопении не существует. Среди механизмов снижения мышечной массы выделяют влияние внешних (хронические заболевания, гиподинамия, прием ряда лекарственных препаратов, недостаточное употребление белка с пищей) и внутренних факторов (возрастная нейромышечная дегенерация, изменение уровня анаболических гормонов, хроническое воспаление и оксидативный стресс). Многофакторный патогенез развития саркопении объясняет отсутствие общепринятых инструментов диагностики данного состояния. Цель данного обзора — обобщить актуальную информацию по алгоритмам оценки состояния мышечной силы, мышечной массы, физической работоспособности, диагностическим критериям саркопении различных исследовательских групп. В обзоре описаны варианты лабораторных маркеров, перспективных и представляющих интерес в отношении диагностики и определения эффективности проведения терапевтических и профилактических вмешательств.

Sarcopenia is an age-associated progressive loss of muscle mass and strength that leads to decreased functional activity, increased risk of falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and significantly contributes to disability and mortality in the elderly. There is no universal explanation for the development of sarcopenia. The mechanisms of muscle mass reduction include the influence of external (chronic diseases, physical inactivity, intake of certain medications, insufficient protein intake with food) and internal factors (age-related neuromuscular degeneration, changes in the level of anabolic hormones, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress). The multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia explains the lack of generally accepted diagnostic tools for this condition. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information on algorithms for assessing muscle strength, muscle mass, physical performance, and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia by various research groups. The review describes options for laboratory markers that are promising and of interest in relation to diagnostics and determining the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive interventions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.