<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">porozendo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Остеопороз и остеопатии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2072-2680</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2311-0716</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Endocrinology Research Centre</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14341/osteo201615-7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">porozendo-8926</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОТ РЕПЛИКАТИВНОГОСТАРЕНИЯ КДИАГНОСТИКЕ ВОЗРАСТ-АССОЦИИРОВАННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ МИКРОРНК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FROM REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE TO MICRORNA BASED DIAGNOSTICS OF AGE-ASSOCIATED DISEASES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Hackl</surname><given-names>Matthias</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hackl</surname><given-names>Matthias</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Weilner</surname><given-names>Syliva</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Weilner</surname><given-names>Syliva</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Heilmayer</surname><given-names>Ursula</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Heilmayer</surname><given-names>Ursula</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology &amp; Biomedical Imaging</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Skalicky</surname><given-names>Susanna</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skalicky</surname><given-names>Susanna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Schröder</surname><given-names>Fabian</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schröder</surname><given-names>Fabian</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Molecular Diagnostics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Schraml</surname><given-names>Elisabeth</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schraml</surname><given-names>Elisabeth</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Vierlinger</surname><given-names>Klemens</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vierlinger</surname><given-names>Klemens</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Molecular Diagnostics</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Link</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Link</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology &amp; Biomedical Imaging</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Grillari</surname><given-names>Johannes</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grillari</surname><given-names>Johannes</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Biotechnology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution></institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; TAmiRNA GmbH</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution></institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of California San Francisco</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution></institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>TAmiRNA GmbH</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution></institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Austrian Institute of Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution></institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>№1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>7</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Hackl M., Weilner S., Heilmayer U., Skalicky S., Schröder F., Schraml E., Vierlinger K., Link T., Grillari J., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Hackl M., Weilner S., Heilmayer U., Skalicky S., Schröder F., Schraml E., Vierlinger K., Link T., Grillari J.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hackl M., Weilner S., Heilmayer U., Skalicky S., Schröder F., Schraml E., Vierlinger K., Link T., Grillari J.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.osteo-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8926">https://www.osteo-endojournals.ru/jour/article/view/8926</self-uri><abstract/><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"/></article-meta></front><body><p>Повреждение клеток и тканей - одна из «визитных карточек» и ведущих факторов старения и возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>]. Для противостояния этому функциональному спаду существуют различные системы репарации на молекулярном, клеточном и тканевом уровнях. Одной из систем тканевого уровня является свойство зрелых стволовых клеток к самообновлению и дифференцировке, что необходимо для гомеостаза и регенерации органов и тканей [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit6">6</xref>]. Однако не только функциональность стволовых клеток снижается с возрастом, но и системное окружение в организме пожилых негативно воздействует на них: либо за счет циркулирующих факторов, подавляющих функции стволовых клеток, либо в связи с отсутствием факторов, необходимых для их поддержки [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit5">5</xref>]. Одна из тканей заметно подверженная низкому дифференцировочному резерву стволовых клеток - костная ткань, что ведёт к замедлению восстановления или низкотравматичным переломам [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit7">7</xref>]. 5 ТЕЗИСЫ ДОКЛАДОВ В этом докладе мы сообщаем о циркулирующих микровезикулах, влияющих на резерв остеогенной диффе-ренцировки мезенхимальных стволовых клеток в зависимости от возраста донора. Во время поиска факторов, регулирующих ингибирующий эффект микровезикул на остеогенез, мы определили несколько миРНК и белков, являющихся ключевыми компонентами. Далее мы продемонстрировали, что эти факторы присутствуют в повышенном количестве в плазме у пожилых и у пациентов с остопоротическими переломами. В качестве потенциального источника их секреции мы определили стареющие эндотелиальные клетки, количество которых, как известно, увеличивается при старении in vivo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>]. Наши исследования показывают, что стареющие эндотелиальные клетки секретируют повышенное количество миРНК-31 внутри внеклеточных везикул, которые захватываются мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками и, в свою очередь, подавляют остеогенную дифференцировку [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit9">9</xref>]. Секреция промотора остеогенеза Galectin-3 снижена в везикулах стареющих эндотелиальных клеток, что согласуется с данными, описанными выше [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit8">8</xref>]. Эти данные в сочетании с растущим количеством информации о том, что миРНК действительно влияют на ключевые регуляторы функций остеобластов и остеокластов [2,3], явились для нас стимулом более широко рассмотреть различия в циркулирующих миРНК у пациентов с недавними остеопоротическими переломами [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit10">10</xref>], и у пациентов с большими остеопоротическими переломами. В этих группах мы определили отличия в 4 миРНК с более достоверной предсказательной возможностью, чем золотой стандарт, измерение МПК по DXA. (Heilmeier et al. in revision). Для того чтобы определить, играют ли эти миРНК роль в костной биологии, мы протестировали их на предмет изменения остеогенной диф-ференцировки, и некоторые из них продемонстрировали влияние на этот процесс. Проводимые нами до настоящего времени эксперименты позволяют предположить, что циркулирующие миРНК в сыворотке у пожилых пациентов могут играть роль в патогенезе возраст-ассоциированом нарушении формирования кости. Они также могут быть ценными биомаркерами для старения и для системного окружения, для которого применение клеточных технологий ограничено, а остеогенез является лимитирующим фактором. From replicative senescence to microRNA based diagnostics of age-associated diseases. Damage to cells and tissues is one of the hallmarks and driving forces of aging and age-related diseases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit4">4</xref>]. To counteract this functional decline, various repair systems are in place at the molecular, cellular as well as tissue level. One of these systems at the tissue level, is the characteristics of adult stem cells to self-renew and to differentiate, which is an essential functionality for homeostasis and regeneration of tissues and organs (6). However, not only the functionality of stem cells declines with age, but also the systemic environment of the elderly negatively impacts on them, either by circulating factors that inhibit stem cell functions, or by the absence of factors needed to support it (5). One tissue notably affected by the reduced differentiation capacity of stem cells with age is the bone, leading to slow bone healing or low trauma bone fractures [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit7">7</xref>]. Here, we report that circulating microvesicles impact on the osteogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells in a donor-age dependent way. While searching for factors mediating the inhibitory effect of microvesicles on osteogenesis, we identified several miRNAs and proteins as crucial components. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these factors are present at elevated levels in the plasma of № 1/2016 Остеопороз и остеопатии elderly, and of osteoporotic fracture patients. As a potential source of its secretion, senescent endothelial cells, known to increase during aging in vivo [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], were identified. We demonstrate that senescent endothelial cells secrete elevated levels of miR-31 within extracellular vesicles which are taken up by mesenchymal stem cells where they inhibits osteogenic differentiation [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit9">9</xref>]. In synergy with this, the secretion of osteogenic promoting Galectin-3 is diminished in senescent endothelial cell vesicles [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit8">8</xref>]. These results together with the increasing knowledge, that miRNAs do impact on key regulators of osteoblast and osteoclast biology [2,3] prompted us to look more broadly at miRNAs differentially circulating in recent osteoporotic fracture patients [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit10">10</xref>], as well as in prevalent osteoporotic fractures, where, indeed, we identified a signature of 4 miRNAs with predictive power superior to the gold standard of DXA measurements (Heilmeier et al. in revision). In order to test, if these miRNAs also play a role in bone biology, we tested them for modulation of osteogenic differentiation, which several of these did indeed influence. Our experiments performed since, allow us to suggest that circulating miRNAs in the serum of elderly might indeed play a role in the pathogenesis of age related impaired bone formation. They may also be a valuable plasma-based biomarker for aging and for a systemic environment that does not favour cell based therapies, whenever osteogenesis is a limiting factor.</p></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erusalimsky JD &amp; Kurz DJ (2006) Endothelial cell senescence. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 213-248. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrie ve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=17001772.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erusalimsky JD &amp; Kurz DJ (2006) Endothelial cell senescence. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 213-248. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrie ve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=17001772.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jing D, Hao J, Shen Y, Tang G, Li M-L, Huang S-H &amp; Zhao Z-H (2015) The role of microRNAs in bone remodeling. J Oral Sci 7, 131-143. Available at: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2015.22n10.1038/ijos.2015.22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jing D, Hao J, Shen Y, Tang G, Li M-L, Huang S-H &amp; Zhao Z-H (2015) The role of microRNAs in bone remodeling. J Oral Sci 7, 131-143. Available at: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijos.2015.22n10.1038/ijos.2015.22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lian JB, Stein GS, Wijnen AJ Van, Stein JL, Hassan MQ &amp; Gaur T (2012) MicroRNA control of bone formation and homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 8, 212-227. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lian JB, Stein GS, Wijnen AJ Van, Stein JL, Hassan MQ &amp; Gaur T (2012) MicroRNA control of bone formation and homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 8, 212-227. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2011.234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M &amp; Kroemer G (2013) The hallmarks of aging. Cell 153, 1194-217. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih. gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3836174&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;re ndertype=abstract [Accessed July 10, 2014]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M &amp; Kroemer G (2013) The hallmarks of aging. Cell 153, 1194-217. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih. gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3836174&amp;tool=pmcentrez&amp;re ndertype=abstract [Accessed July 10, 2014]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rando TA (2006) Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality. Nature 441, 1080-1086. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrie ve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=16810243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rando TA (2006) Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality. Nature 441, 1080-1086. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query. fcgi?cmd=Retrie ve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=16810243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ratajczak MZ, Zuba-Surma EK, Machalinski B &amp; Kucia M (2007) Bone-marrow-derived stem cells--our key to longevity? J Appl Genet 48, 307-319. Available at: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;d b=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=17998587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ratajczak MZ, Zuba-Surma EK, Machalinski B &amp; Kucia M (2007) Bone-marrow-derived stem cells--our key to longevity? J Appl Genet 48, 307-319. Available at: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;d b=PubMed&amp;dopt=Citation&amp;list_uids=17998587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weilner S, Grillari-Voglauer R, Redl H, Grillari J &amp; Nau T (2015) The role of microRNAs in cellular senescence and age-related conditions of cartilage and bone. Acta Orthop. 86, 92-9. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral. nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4366666&amp;tool=pmcentrez &amp;rendertype=abstract [Accessed January 26, 2016].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weilner S, Grillari-Voglauer R, Redl H, Grillari J &amp; Nau T (2015) The role of microRNAs in cellular senescence and age-related conditions of cartilage and bone. Acta Orthop. 86, 92-9. Available at: http://www.pubmedcentral. nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4366666&amp;tool=pmcentrez &amp;rendertype=abstract [Accessed January 26, 2016].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weilner S, Keider V, Winter M, Harreither E, Salzer B, Weiss F, Schraml E, Messner P, Pietschmann P, Hildner F, Gabriel C, Redl H, Grillari-Voglauer R &amp; Grillari J (2016) Vesicular Galectin-3 levels decrease with donor age and contribute to the reduced osteo-inductive potential of human plasma derived extracellular vesicles. Aging (Albany. NY). 8, 16-33. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/26752347 [Accessed March 7, 2016].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weilner S, Keider V, Winter M, Harreither E, Salzer B, Weiss F, Schraml E, Messner P, Pietschmann P, Hildner F, Gabriel C, Redl H, Grillari-Voglauer R &amp; Grillari J (2016) Vesicular Galectin-3 levels decrease with donor age and contribute to the reduced osteo-inductive potential of human plasma derived extracellular vesicles. Aging (Albany. NY). 8, 16-33. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/26752347 [Accessed March 7, 2016].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weilner S, Schraml E, Wieser M, Messner P, Schneider K, Wassermann K, Micutkova L, Fortschegger K, Maier AB, Westendorp R, Resch H, Wolbank S, Redl H, Jansen-Dürr P, Pietschmann P, Grillari-Voglauer R &amp; Grillari J (2016) Secreted microvesicular miR-31 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Aging Cell, 1-11. Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/acel.12484</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weilner S, Schraml E, Wieser M, Messner P, Schneider K, Wassermann K, Micutkova L, Fortschegger K, Maier AB, Westendorp R, Resch H, Wolbank S, Redl H, Jansen-Dürr P, Pietschmann P, Grillari-Voglauer R &amp; Grillari J (2016) Secreted microvesicular miR-31 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Aging Cell, 1-11. Available at: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/acel.12484</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weilner S, Skalicky S, Salzer B, Keider V, Wagner M, Hildner F, Gabriel C, Dovjak P, Pietschmann P, Grillari-Voglauer R, Grillari J &amp; Hackl M (2015) Differentially circulating miRNAs after recent osteoporotic fractures can influence osteogenic differentiation. Bone 79, 43-51. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/26026730 [Accessed February 16, 2016]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weilner S, Skalicky S, Salzer B, Keider V, Wagner M, Hildner F, Gabriel C, Dovjak P, Pietschmann P, Grillari-Voglauer R, Grillari J &amp; Hackl M (2015) Differentially circulating miRNAs after recent osteoporotic fractures can influence osteogenic differentiation. Bone 79, 43-51. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/26026730 [Accessed February 16, 2016]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
