Возможности диагностики саркопении: клинические, лабораторные, инструментальные

Саркопения представляет собой ассоциированную с возрастом прогрессирующую потерю мышечной массы и мышечной силы, что приводит к снижению функциональной активности, повышению риска падений, переломов, госпитализаций и вносит существенный вклад в инвалидизацию и смертность населения старшей возрастной группы. Универсального объяснения пути развития саркопении не существует. Среди механизмов снижения мышечной массы выделяют влияние внешних (хронические заболевания, гиподинамия, прием ряда лекарственных препаратов, недостаточное употребление белка с пищей) и внутренних факторов (возрастная нейромышечная дегенерация, изменение уровня анаболических гормонов, хроническое воспаление и оксидативный стресс). Многофакторный патогенез развития саркопении объясняет отсутствие общепринятых инструментов диагностики данного состояния. Цель данного обзора — обобщить актуальную информацию по алгоритмам оценки состояния мышечной силы, мышечной массы, физической работоспособности, диагностическим критериям саркопении различных исследовательских групп. В обзоре описаны варианты лабораторных маркеров, перспективных и представляющих интерес в отношении диагностики и определения эффективности проведения терапевтических и профилактических вмешательств.

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