Lumbal spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers [bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP), osteocalcin (OC), aminoterminal procollagen I propeptide, bone acid phosphatase (bACP), ß-crosslaps (CTX)], sex hormones [testosterone, estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), free estrogen index (FEI)], parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] were determined in 39 men in age 42±10 years (33 with well renal function and 6 - with renal failure (RF) 44±26 months following KT receiving triple immunosuppressive therapy (CysA, prednisolone and azathioprine). Increased CTX, bACP, OC and decreased bALP so as BMD were associated in men following KT with low testosterone, SHBG and IGF-1 and high E2, OPG and PTH. There was more degree of bone turnover disturbances, decreased BMD, PTH hypersecretion and low FAI in RF. There were significant positive relationships between serum testosterone and E2, FEI and FAI, bALP and E2, bALP and FEI, femur BMD and FAI, femur BMD and FEI, OPG and E2, IGF-1 and PTH. There were significant inverse correlations between serum CTX and FAI, CTX and FEI, hip (spine) BMD and SHBG, hip (spine) BMD and PTH so as between PTH and FAI, PTH and FEI. So bone turnover disturbances, hip BMD losses and PTH hypersecretion in men at late time following KT associated with sex hormone deficiency. Predictor of high bone turnover and as vertebral as femur bone losses after KT besides PTH hypersecretion was serum SHBG. Decreased IGF-1 was the reason of bone forming suppression and possibly was following cyclosporine hepatotoxicity. OPG increasing was associated partly with high estradiol and was compensatory to attenuation of bone resorption and bone losses.

The aims of the reported multinational open study were to estimate the influence of subcutaneous injections of 20 mkg daily Teriparatide on bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur, the markers of bone metabolism, the quality of life as well as the safety of treatment. Duration of the treatment period was one year.
Fifty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (L1-L4 T-score mean -3,2±0,6 SD) were enrolled in the study. 70,8% of patients had fragility fractures. Forty four patients (78%) remained until the end of the study. BMD was detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) («Prodigy», Lunar and «Hologic» 4500 W) at the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal femur with converting to the standardized BMD. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and osteocalcin (OC) were measured as markers of bone formation and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CTX) were measured in serum as a marker of bone resorption.
The significant increase in BMD was found at the lumbar spine (L1-L412,5±6,6%), whereas BMD at the proximal femur did not change significantly. The levels of markers of bone metabolism were increased after 3 months of the treatment and to the end of the study were 192,2%; 385%; 526,3% higher versus the baseline levels for BAP, OC., CTX consequently. There was also found a significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients which was estimated by EQ-5D inquirer at the baseline visit and at the end of the study. The adverse effects, which were related to the teriparatide injections, were observed in 44% of the patients. Due to the adverse effects Tereiparatide was cancelled for 6 (12%) patients. In other cases the adverse effects were slight and the cancellation of treatment was not required.
Conclusions: The daily injections of Teriparatide (20 mkg) during 1 year provide the significant increase in BMD at the lumbar spine for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis as well as the early increase in the bone turnover rate. Treatment with Teriparatide improves the quality of life for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The daily injections of Teriparatide during 1 year are well tolerated and safe.

The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness ant tolerability of alendronate in women suffered of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
15 postmenopausal women with primary osteoporosis (age 61.0±4.8 (M±σ) years) was administered alendronate in dosage 70 mg weekly with calcium supplementation (1000 mg daily) for 12 months. Control group consisted of 19 women also suffered from postmenopausal osteoporosis (age 61.7±5.2 years) received only calcium salts for study period.
There was a significant increase vs baseline in BMD in lumbar spine (in 2.1% in 6 months and in 2.7% in 12 months), in femoral neck from (in 2.1% and 3.3% accordingly), in trochanter (in 5.5% and 6.3% accordingly) and in total proximal femur (in 2.9% and 1.9% accordingly) in treated patients. We also found in treated group a marked decrease in serum ionized calcium from 1.24±0.03 to 1.21±0.03 mmol/l in 6 months and to 1.2±0.04 mmol/l in 12 months (р<0.05 vs baseline), in alkaline phosphatase from 98.7±44.8 to 63.5±15.6 u/l in 6 months (р<0.05 vs baseline) and to 60.7±13.8 u/l in 12 months (р<0.05 vs baseline and p<0.0001 vs control), in osteocalcin from 28.0±8.7 to 23.4±10.4 ng/ml in 6 months and to 20.3±8.2 ng/ml (p<0.05 vs control), and in urinary calcium/creatinine excretion and daily calcium excretion. Back pain and quality of life significantly improved in treated group, and regimen of alendronate dosing was highly convenient in all patients' opinion. Tolerability of alendronate was satisfactory but 3 patients stopped the treatment due to gastrointestinal side effects.
Those results demonstrate that alendronate in dosage 70 mg weekly increases BMD, decreases serum and urinary calcium and bone turnover markers, improved back pain and quality of life and is at satisfactory tolerability in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

For many years, hyperparathyroidism, including primary, primarily associated with severe pathology of the osseous system and kidneys, was considered a rare disease. The widespread introduction into the clinical practice of the determination in the blood of calcium, and then parathyroid hormone, and osteodensitometry made it possible to recognize this disease more often and at earlier stages and to treat it more successfully. By now, the specific gravity of mild and asymptomatic forms of hyperparathyroidism has increased from 10-15% in the 1980s to 80%.

Conservative management of these forms of hyperparathyroidism requires more thorough research on the prognosis of survival, duration and quality of life, and the risk of developing associated diseases in these patients.